Heroes and feats

Rank: Sergeant. Unit: 336th Rifle Division (1st formation). On a frosty winter day on New Year's Day 1922 my great-grandfather Timofey Nikolaevich Kobyashev was born in the Senina village. The family was poor. When the eight-year-old boy went to school in the first grade, his mother died. He wore poor clothes and walked two kilometers on foot to school in the Kokuzova village. After four years little Tima started to work in the collective farm “Sibiryak”. He plowed, harrowed and prepared firewood. He helped his father with the housework. After a while in March 1941, he was drafted into the army. Soon, after the war started, Timofey Nikolaevich was sent to the right Ukrainian front as a medical instructor. He fought near Kiev, Kharkiv. He reached Belarus on foot, which was liberated soon after. When my grandfather thought about the war, tears came to his eyes. He would say, "What can I tell you? They drove us like a flock of sheep. "They never noticed a day it is or a night. "We did not know what would happen to us tomorrow. The first time I saw a dead soldier, I was afraid. Then I got used to it. We went and stepped over them. Just walked! The fear was gone, even if the bullet could reach anyone at any moment. That same year he received his first bullet wound in the right leg. He spent several months in hospital and then - in a rifle regiment as a scout. In April 1942 he received a second bullet wound in his right leg, but refused to be treated in hospital and continued fighting. In March 1944, near Ternopil, he received the heaviest wound of a mine fragment in his stomach and right forearm. He ended up in a hospital in Barnaul and survived for barely eight months on the wards of the hospital. Then he was commissioned. Two of his brothers, Anton and Arseny, were killed in the war. For two years Timofey Nikolayevich worked in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Sverdlovsk. And his heart was eager to return home. He returned to his native village and could not get enough of favorite forest, the steep slope of the Tura River and the sown fields. Everything was as if he had never left. Only the father died before his son returned. He renovated the house, restored the buildings. It remained to find a beloved. And then, one day he met a shy girl, Olia. Love came at first sight. They got to know each other and got married the same year. After a while the family had seven children - four sons and three daughters. Timofey Nikolaevich lived together with his wife for 47 happy years. He worked on the state farm "Komsomolskij" as a driver, as a locksmith MTM, and then in SEC - on the tractor HTZ, in the mill, in the sawmill. When he went on a well-deserved rest, he did not like to sit idly by, went hunting, fished, kept bees. After my grandmother died, grandfather Timofey lived alone in the village of Senina, was its last resident. Children came and helped with the housework. But one day he broke his hip and still did not want to leave his home village. The middle daughter Tatiana brought him to her town. For six years Timofey Nikolayevich did not get out of bed, a disabled person of the Great Patriotic War of the first group. He is survived by 18 grandchildren and 22 great-grandchildren. On August 8, 2011 my grandfather died. On every day of victory our big friendly family gathers. We remember our beloved person, thanks to whom we live today. I am proud of my grandfather. On the ninth of May I take part in the "Immortal Regiment" campaign and I proudly carry a photo of my winner with me.

It is a widely held truth that war has no woman's face. The truth with a high degree of doubt. For from the distant and threatening gunpowder of hard times, war looks at us with thousands of women's eyes and stern precocious faces of young girls. Nurses, pilots, gunners, signallers. Together with the men they shared a miserly ration of soldiers and a hard daily life at the front. In our city - about fifty female veterans whose names are inscribed in the immortal chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. My story about one of them - Evdokia Timofeevna Kuznetsova. For the first time, when I came to visit the spouses Ivan Vasilievich and Evdokia Timofeevna Kuznetsov, I received such a friendly and warm welcome that I almost forgot about the purpose of my visit. And I had a very specific one: when I looked through the lists of war veterans in the city's Veterans Council, I came across the name Evdokia Timofeevna, and after I called, I arranged a meeting. The heat of July swam outside the windows, the fan hummed steadily and brought a pleasant coolness, and our conversation took us into the hard war years soon. Evdokia was born in the village of Karmalka in the Orenburg region. From an early age she was used to hard peasant work. That is why after graduating from the village school she stayed to work in home village and dreamed of a bright and happy future. But the war began. Boys from the same village were immediately drafted into the army, and the girls had to go to the front for volunteers for a long time outside the doors of the military recruitment offices. After training a young soldier in the Tozk camps and taking the oath, Evdokia, as a part of the 25th brigade of the 11th operational railway regiment, reached the 3rd Belarusian front, where fierce fighting unfolded with particular severity in the summer of 1943. She had to learn the basics of military equipment, guided them through the night and darkness in the cramped and red-hot military supply trucks. At short stops you could hear first Russian, then Ukrainian and then Belarusian language. Early in the morning the regiment landed near Orsha. Belarus - republican-partisan. Bleeding, bruised and trampled by the boots of the enemy, but never kneeling during the long three years of occupation. In mid-1943, the headquarters of the Supreme High Command planned simultaneous attacks on four fronts in order to dismember the main forces of the German army group "Mitte", liberate Belarus and create the conditions for the subsequent offensive on the Baltic States, Poland and East Prussia. During the operations of Mogilev and Bobruisk, the enemy was surrounded, thus trapping the retreating units of the field Marshal Model near Minsk. 17 divisions and 3 larger enemy groups were surrounded and none of them broke out of the ring. After that our troops entered the area of East Prussia. The regiment in which Evdokia served ensured the passage of military trains to the front. Day and night, under the attack of enemy planes and anti-aircraft guns went trains: liter trains, ambulances, teplushki, freight trains with heavy tanks and armored personnel carriers. Forward to the West! They raced past, into the night and into the darkness, knocking restlessly on the joints. And the soldiers of Teplushki looked in surprise at the fragile little girl, who in a huge soldier's coat with a carbide lantern in her hands was setting the course. And she waved after them and whispered to herself like a prayer: "God bless you! Come back alive, come back!" And unspoken, soft tears rolled down the girl's face. At the end of 1944 the regiment was transferred to the capital East Prussia - Koenigsberg. Koenigsberg was the most powerful fortress in Nazi Germany. The base of the fortress structure was formed by fifteen forts, which surrounded it in a solid ring. These forts with strong walls and casemates, surrounded by deep ditches, were an exceptional line of defense. The fascists fought here with the despair of the damned. In early 1945, under the leadership of Lieutenant General I. H. Bagramyan, the commander of the Zemland troops, the attack on the Koenigsberg was carried out with bravura. For the first time in the history of modern wars, the fortress, whose garrison corresponded in number to the number of strikers, was taken within three days. The enemy group was completely defeated. Evdokia celebrated the day of victory in Koenigsberg. Here she found her first military award: on 8 May 1945 she was awarded the medal "for military merit". In 1946 Evdokia was demobilized in the winter of 1946. She returned to home village, met a beautiful man Ivan Kuznetsov and forever connected her fate with him. Soon the couple arrived in Kumertau, built the town from the first stake. For fifty years they walked through life together, sharing both joy and sorrow. Raised four children. Ivan Vasilyevich - supported and encouraged his wife and was the first counselor in life situations. She told me about the war, remembered her militant youth, the hard days at the front, and I could not help but blame myself for the fact that she had to relive the days that were so long ago For four long years, there was a war going on. Millions of lives were sacrificed for victory and our bright future. So let us remember those who defended their homeland and care for those who now live near us. Tatyana Masyagutova, member of the Kumertau Writers' Organization.

Type of troops: Military-economic and administrative structure. The most "touching" stories I have not learned from movies and books (although I know literature quite well, since I am a writer by nature), but from my mother. Many people were probably moved to tears when they read Hugo's novel "Les Miserables": A little girl is forced to carry a huge bucket of water through the forest on a cold night. But how would they perceive this story: a slightly older girl - 14 years old, completely voluntary (because during the war the workers were given 800 grams of bread and the dependents - 200 grams), she gets up at 4 o'clock in the morning, puts on a ragged coat with sleeves up to the elbows and holey felt boots, hooks a horse to a cart with a barrel and goes to the waterhole in the river to water the kolkhoz calves. My mother is 18 years old and she registered in a military unit in the Prechistensky district of the Yaroslavl region. From the front zones, shells are brought here in boxes - for sorting, cleaning, recycling and so on. Girls unload wagons with grenades - each grenade 50 kg, boxes - up to 150 kg. It is necessary to lift, move and lower this load very carefully, even gently, and at the same time quickly set the stacks without the slightest roll, because you cannot allow a single box to fall. The girls were not professional dock workers, but they did a good job. Tell me, is it easy to find a person who thinks that cleaning a pot is an easy task? But if you clean the shell! Not one, the whole shift - 12 hours. The slightest inaccuracy - and explosion. But they just did not think about it. It was only scary during a fire, when the shells exploded everywhere, the shrapnel whistling near their heads. Two girls were mutilated. But nobody complained. Despite years of malnutrition and hard work, the young people were cheerful, happy, confident in their fate and destiny. In the evenings they sang in the choir and read newspapers and books. They lived in dormitories, twenty or thirty people at a time, sometimes two on a mattress and a blanket. The most fashionable clothing was considered a sweatshirt, the highest luxury - a sheepskin coat of the army. Bright memories of motherhood... When the war ended, the reconstruction of the destroyed economy began. The country needed a forest. My mother is 20 years old. Together with a friend they harnessed horses in the early morning (according to modern ideas - at night) and often walked 16 km into the forest - often - on snow virgin land. They arrived, cleared the land and started cutting down the forest with simple axes and saws. They will cut branches, light a fire, warm themselves, drink an empty cup of tea - and again for work. The daily rate is 6 cubic meters. Two carts per shift must be delivered to the collective farm, from darkness to darkness. That is why my mother smiles when she hears "horror stories" about the sawmill, because it was a happy time for her. The way she talks about horses! About each one - a story of its own that brings joy and sadness. After all, they are like people, says my mother, only unrequited, and therefore only a man-beast can offend a horse. The girls never sat on a loaded cart, they walked alongside all the way, helping in difficult places. And so they came to Prokopyevsk. Here the "building sites of the century" were built, and here the future of Russia was forged. When my mother was recruited in 1946, she came to Prokopievsk and immediately entered the Stalin mine (after all, she had no specialties and an education - 2 classes). She worked as a haulage contractor, but her habit and love of the forest soon led her mother to the forest yard of the Voroshilov Mine (5-6), where she worked for 33 years. The work was familiar - loading and unloading cars (with "Hooray!", four of them for 6-7 hours). But basically, she worked on a "belt" - a structure open to all the winds with a long conveyor-belt, along which different forest moves from the sawmill: a block, a plank, a slab, a roll ... The task of a team of three women is to throw off in time this forest in different openings-windows: the block - to the block, the block - to the block, etc. One of the women sits "on the button" so that if something happens, she will stop the conveyor, while the others only have time to turn. I have never been able to understand how my mother manages to cope with the roll - a thick, long tree trunk, because its weight and size are simply threatening, and the belt moves fast. Of course, there were injuries, but my mother practically never went to the hospital. But she had to work in any weather in two shifts, from 8 to 4 o'clock, and from 4 to 12. She was happy to work on weekends - for a "double payment", because she raised me alone. She worked conscientiously and was respected. They were repeatedly awarded, placed on the board of honor, wrote in the newspaper. Her work was appreciated with medals and the Order of Labor Glory. 2006 Stepanova O.F. (and the whole family)

My mother Bashmakova Ekaterina Mitrofanovna was born on May 25, 1923. Born in the Voronezh region of Krasnolipye village. Completed 7 grades of the gymnasium. She heard the cry "Woman on the tractor". On June 25, 1941, the tractor drivers of the Ramenskaya MTS of the Moscow Region appealed throughout the country with an appeal to young girls, women to take up the technique of driving tractors, combines, cars, in order to replace fathers, husbands and brothers called to defend the fatherland. My mother, who had set herself the goal of becoming a tractor driver and helping at the front, left home as a young girl and went to Moscow on foot. It took Ekaterina a long time to get to Moscow, first on foot to Voronezh, walked for three days, did all the work that appeared along the way, and in the end she was accepted into the officer's family as a nanny. With them she reached the city of Khimki, the village of Filino. It was in autumn 1941 when the Nazis advanced on Moscow. She was handed out by craftsmen, received a shovel and was sent to dig trenches. She stayed there for four months, then she was seconded to the tractor driving courses in Kryukovsky MTS (today's 8th and 9th micro-district of Zelenograd), as Kryukovo was considered the Khimki district until 1957. Then she was transferred to the brigade, as can be seen from the entry in the work book, where she worked as a tractor driver until the end of the war. The call "Woman on the tractor" was well received by the collective farm farmers. MTS is a machine and tractor station, a state agricultural enterprise in USSR and a number of other socialist states, which supports collective farms, state enterprises and agricultural cooperatives with agricultural machinery. During the Second World War, due to the need for accelerated recruitment of MTS with new personnel, individual training of tractor drivers, combine harvesters and car drivers was also practiced. According to my mother's memories, there was not enough equipment and there were not enough tractor drivers. Young girls were attracted by the work. Tractor drivers worked on tractors "Fordzon Putilovets", worked with a two-body plow, kerosene served as fuel. The tractor drivers were treated in a field, mastered the male-dominated profession, plowed, sowed, harvested, fertilized, harvested fodder. They worked in two shifts, at night, lived in the field for weeks, there was a field camp, one shift worked, the other rested in a temporary camp, in the field they burned fires to warm themselves, repaired malfunctions on the spot, and at night they repaired equipment by torchlight with special kits. The kit "station wagon" contained a hammer and ten spanners, a gas wrench. Every day she had to "drag" the tractor. The task was to tie a heavy oil tank to the engine while lying on your back under the tractor. The ignition system failed quickly without careful adjustment and care, so constant attention to the car was required. As a result, the tractor driver was spraying with lumps of mud, and when working on a slope, the wheels could cause him injuries. What was a tractor of the 1930s/1950s? A machine made of cast iron and steel (glass was only used in control and lighting systems) with a kerosene-powered engine, with a "cornering starter" and a dynamo instead of a generator, with a steering system, without an amplifier, without an exhaust system and without a silencer. She had to inhale the toxic fumes of the used fuel. The uniform was an oiled jacket, and the shoes were tarpaulin boots. Ekaterina Mitrofanovna said that in early 1942, after the fighting in Kryukovo, the railway station was blown up, the front line ran from the railway to the present Palace of Arts. In the fields in Kryukovo and near the houses there were many damaged Nazi tanks, cars, armored personnel carriers scattered. There were no spare parts for tractors, so the teams from MTS removed whole vehicle parts from German tanks and rails, took tools, drained fuel and collected trophies. During the famine years of the war, tractor drivers were not paid for their working hours, but were given bread instead of money, which they then exchanged for warm clothes and other products. Now the events of those years seem to have long since become history, while the history and fame of every country and region is made by people who do not even know that they have done a real "job". There were tens of thousands of them, unnoticed, forgotten and those who will be remembered and honored by their descendants. Some tractor drivers were awarded the title of "Hero of Socialist Work" in 1948 for their work during the war. My mother received the Stalin Medal "for brave work during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" and was classified in the category of "home front worker". My mother died on 4 April 2008.

Varvara Maksimovna Bakholdina was a home front worker during the Great Patriotic War. Heroine of Socialist Labor, veteran of labor, first female machine operator in the Altai. Varvara Maksimovna Bakholdina was born in 1914 in a farming family in the village of Sawwuschka, Zmeinogorsky county, Tomsk province. Since 1928 she worked as a milkmaid in the agricultural commune "First Five-Year Plan". In 1931 she graduated from the School of Agricultural Mechanization, then she started working as a tractor driver in Talovskaya MTS. In 1932 she led the first women Youth-Komsomol tractor brigade in Altai. In 1938 the team of Varvara Bakholdina plowed 5200 hectares with CHTZ tractors and 2100 hectares in the STZ. For these outstanding work achievements Varvara Bakholdina was honored with a trip to the All-Union Exhibition of the VDNH in Moscow, where she received a large gold medal. She took part in the 2nd all Union Congress of collective farmers, where she met Praskovya Angelina, with whom she formed a friendship. In 1939 she entered the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy where she received a big gold medal. After the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in October 1941, she returned to her native country, where she was appointed as director of Shipunovskaya MTS. She brought this enterprise into the ranks of advanced agricultural enterprises in the Altai, for which she received the first Lenin Order in 1942. She headed Shipunovskaya MTS until 1958. In 1935 she was elected a member of Central Executive Committee and a deputy of Supreme Soviet of USSR of the 1st (1938-1946) and 2nd (1946-1950) convocations. From 1961 to 1967 she was the managing director of the district association "Agricultural Machinery". In 1967 she retired. After her retirement she continued to work as an engineer of the agricultural department of the Shipunovskiy District until 1985. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR from December 13, 1972 she was awarded the title of Heroine of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal for Hammer and Sickle for her great success in increasing the production and sale of grain and other agricultural products to the state, as well as for her labor value in harvesting. She died in 1992 in the village of Shipunovo. Varvara Maksimovna Bakholdina was awarded: - three times with the Order of Lenin (11.05.1942; 11.01.1957; 1972); - with the Order of October Revolution (08.04.1971); - with the Order of the red banner of work (22.05.1947); - with the medal "for the development of virgin countries" (1957)

Type of troops: - coastal defense and air defense artillery, - coastal units, - aviation of the Red Army and Naval units of the NKVD border troops. The years of the Great Patriotic War will never be forgotten. The more years go by, the more vivid and significant they become in our memory. Millions of lives have been lost in victory. The infinitely loving life that most ordinary people risked for four long years went to this feat, to death, just to bring victory closer. And only a few days separate us from the most important holiday - Victory Day. All the inhabitants of our village will gather in the square to thank the veterans once again for the peaceful sky, for the happiness of life and work. Polina Gavrilovna Kryukova will be among the victorious soldiers. On the eve of the holiday, I interviewed a war and labor veteran. Their lives, like those of millions of people born in the 1920s, are perhaps more filled with grief, suffering and loss. But when I look at this woman who has lived and experienced so much, I am surprised by her activity, her lust for life, her optimism and listen to her leisurely story. "I was born in 1923 in a large farming family with many children. I learned early on what work and hunger are, but childhood is childhood. Like all children, I went to school, was active in my studies and school life, I had many plans, but everything was destroyed by the war. During the first months of the war she worked in Arzgir in the communication center, and on April 11, 1942 she went to the front at the call of Komsomol. Together with me, 35 other girls from Arzgir were called up". With a smile Polina Gavrilovna reminds how the course of the young fighter was conducted: "Newer school girls in shooting position fell face first into the mud, into the snow, crawled on their bellies, dug themselves in. At the end of the day the uniforms became heavy, padded trousers got wet, foot cloths were soaked with water, and on the belt - a shovel, on the shoulder - a rifle, a gas mask, a helmet. After studying, Polina Gavrilovna ended up in the Rostov Air Defense District, the 56th Army, in the 18th separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion as a reconnaissance-observer. And now, 69 years later, Polina Gavrilovna remembers how the 18th Division covered the retreat of troops over the Don River near the village of Melekhovskaya, how they managed to shoot down a bomber in Bataysk during the terrible bombing by the Germans, how she lost her friend from the village Rodnikovsky Natasha Kryukova in the terrible, bloody battle of Nevinnomyssk. "It was frightening, very frightening", remembered Polina Gavrilovna, "but hatred for the enemy and love for the fatherland helped to overcome fear and defeat the fascists". As part of the Red Army, the 18th separate anti-aircraft artillery division fought all over Europe, and Polina Gavrilovna met the victory on German soil in the town of Lobant, 100 kilometers from Berlin. "This joy cannot be described in words. Hugging, kissing, crying. Victory!!!" - says a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and there are tears in her eyes. She returned home with medals. The most expensive awards "for the defense of the Caucasus" and the badge "excellent air defense". "It was a difficult return, sadly. residents of Arzgir, with whom she studied, worked, never returned. The women became gray, the sadness bowed the old people. But it was necessary to live, to restore what had been destroyed... "...not for their quiet, serene lives. Already in autumn 1945 Polina Gavrilovna gets a job at the registry office. For 37 years she worked as the head of the Arzgir district registry office. The country entrusted a very peaceful activity to a brave girl. Polina Gavrilovna has seen so many happy young faces over the years! And every couple heard from her: "Be happy!" Polina Gavrilovna has had a well-deserved holiday for a long time, but still leads a very active life. Hundreds of Arzgir residents know her as a kind and sympathetic person, to whom they still go for advice and support.

Service branch: Artillery. Commander of the rifle regiment division (information from the photo). Ivan Danilovich was born on 15.01.2024 in the family of a farmer Kalinich Danil Filimonovich. Danil's parents came to Bashkiria from Belarus in search of fertile land. Danila married Maria Ivanovna Melnikova, the youngest of 16 children of her family, who came from the Chernihiv region in Ukraine. In the family of Danila and Maria four children were born - Alexander, Ivan, Mikhail and Claudia. Danila's fate was tragic. Before the war he was repressed and declared as enemy. When he was taken to serve his exile, he fell ill with dysentery and was mistaken for the deceased. His body was thrown into a ditch, before reaching Ufa. But fate kept him safe. Luckily, one Bashkir passed by and helped him. He put a national cap on the dying man and took him to the farm of Torgatska to his relatives. Danil recovered, but his fellow villagers reported to the authorities about the return of the repressed. When they came to arrest him, there was an announcement about the beginning of the war. Danil was sent to the front line in 1941 as a private, where he was seriously wounded. From February to May 1942 he was treated in hospital and released by non-combatants. Until 1946 he was commander of the food camp at the front, on 06.08.1945 he was demobilized by the law of Supreme Soviet (information from the military ticket). But old wounds became apparent. On 14.09.1946 Danil Filimonowitsch died at the age of 42 years. His wife raised their children alone in the difficult post-war years, and they lived very poorly. Maria Ivanovna lived 73 years. When the Great Patriotic War began, our grandfather Ivan Danilovich Kalinich went to the front with his father at the age of 18. He began training as a rifle commander in 1942, then became an artillery sergeant in the 224th Rifle Regiment and commanded a gun. Unfortunately his military ID was not preserved. On the sites "Memory of the People" and "Exploit of the People" in May 1918, we, the grandchildren, were able to get acquainted with archival materials. We were amazed at the heroism and modesty of our grandfather, because to all our questions about his military past he did not tell us anything, but he was proud that under the command of Marshal K. K. Rokossovsky and that he had reached Berlin. Thanks to the archive data we got acquainted with the award list, which shows that he fought on the Central, Belarusian, 1st Ukrainian and 2nd Belarusian fronts from 1942 to 1945. Had minor injuries on 11.09.1942, 15.02.1944, 12.10.1944, contused 22.04.1945. His son Vladimir informed us that he received one of the injuries in the Kursk bulge and was treated in hospital. He received: - the medal "for military merits" - order from 18.02.1945, - the order "Glory of the 3rd degree" - order from 17.09.1944. We also familiarized ourselves with the award orders from 1945: - from 18.02.1945 about the award of the medal "for bravery" - in the battles from 4 to 28.01.1945. Ivan Danilovich Kalinich delivered the ammunition in time to the shooting ranges, which ensured the suppression of the enemy shooting ranges; - from 10.05.1945 the award of the order "Red Star" - in the battles at the crossing of the river West Oder, Sergeant Kalinich Ivan Danilovich, who commanded the department, with his correct actions in the calculation destroyed two enemy machine guns to 18 Nazis and personally destroyed 7 German soldiers and took 4 prisoners. After the war Grandfather was awarded with the Order "Patriotic War 1st Degree" - for bravery and courage - the medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw", - medal "For the Victory over Germany", anniversary medals dedicated to the 20th, 30th...50th year of the Great Patriotic War, - 50...70 years of the Armed Forces USSR. Our grandfather went through the whole war, reached Berlin and was mobilized in March 1946. After the war Ivan Danilovich, together with his wife Sofia Gavrilovna, raised two children, Valentina and Vladimir, as worthy people. He worked on his farm in the village of Squarcia as a tractor driver, then the combine harvester, worked honestly for the good of his country for which he was honored: - 6 certificates of merit and the order "Badge of Honor", and medals "Winner of the Socialist Competition" in 1974, "For brave work in commemoration of the 100th birthday of V.I. Lenin, - "40 years of USSR", "60 years of USSR.". We are proud of our grandfather and great-grandfather and will try to live a life worthy of our respected relatives.

Khurgan Ankhayevich Badmaev was born on January 1, 1919 in the village of Baraghan (on the territory of the present Kurumkansky district of Buryatia). After graduating from the Kurumkan gymnasium, Khurgan Badmaev entered the law faculty of Irkutsk University. After receiving his diploma he managed to work there for a short time as an investigator in the district prosecutor's office. The practice of law was interrupted by the compulsory military service. He was sent to a secret unit where translators from Mongolian, Chinese and Japanese were trained, where recruits with an Asian appearance, especially with a university education, were in demand. Here Hurgan began to learn Japanese. In addition to the language, it was necessary to study the culture, customs and other features of Imperial Samurai Japan - here the tea ceremony, hara-kiri, the rock garden and haiku poetry. And this mixes with fire, drill, political and other preparations. As the situation in the Far East worsened, the unit cadets only switched to language training. After finishing his studies, Badmaev was sent to the political department of the 1st Red Banner Army of the Far Eastern Front. Here he was involved, together with other officers of the department, in propaganda work and ideological diversion against the Kwantung Army. Khurgan Badmaev also worked as an illegal secret service agent on the territory of the puppet state of Manchukuo. In the summer of 1945 he was thrown into enemy territory near the Manchurian city (railway station) of Khandohejo under the guise of a Japanese. After making contact with the Soviet resident, he transmitted important information about the two divisions of the Kwantung Army stationed at these locations to the Center. On August 9, 1945, Soviet Union declared war on militaristic Japan and defeated the powerful Kwantung Army in a short period of time. On September 2, Badmaev was in Harbin. A victory rally was held on the central square of this city. The act of surrender was announced by Soviet officers in several languages. In Japanese, this document was read at Horgan Anemic Badmaev. After the war, Horgan Anemic remained in the army. He did ideological work among the Japanese prisoners of war. The Japanese worked on construction sites to restore the war-torn Soviet economy from the Urals to the Far East. It was also necessary to conduct educational work with them in the implementation of the communist ideology. In Khabarovsk was organized the special edition of the newspaper "the Nihon Shinbun" (Japanese newspaper). Horgan Anemic translated texts from Russian into Japanese and vice versa. In 1956 he was discharged from the army with the rank of a major (later he was given the rank Lieutenant Colonel) and started to work as a chairman of a collective farm in the Kurumkansky district. After that he worked in various positions on the party line. After his retirement he taught Buryat students Japanese.

My story is about my great-grandfather Mischa - Mikhail Nikolayevich. In the summer of 1941 my grandfather graduated from the Bogucharski Agricultural Technical School in the Voronezh region. In June the graduates wrote their diplomas and prepared for the final exams. And in the city of Boguchar, since ancient times, Sunday fairs have been held, where kolkhoz farmers from all villages offered their goods for sale. Parents often passed parcels through them: food, for their children - students.This is also the case on this Sunday. In the dormitory, three students got up early - they were hungry and went to the market: maybe someone received a parcel. But it was still early and they went to a friend who worked as a night watchman at the radio station. Because of the nature of his work, he could listen to all the radio stations. And he told them that all the radio waves were talking about the German attack on USSR and that there was a bombing attack on the whole border. You can imagine the condition of the students! They walk, talk excitedly, discuss about it. They did not notice that people were crowding around them and listening to their conversation. Suddenly, the police appeared behind them, arrested the students and took them to the police station to inquire. While they were there, they did not change their minds, and if a friend from the radio room made a joke and then students, Komsomol members, would be taken for provocateurs who sow panic. Mentally, they said goodbye both to their will and to their lives. After 2 hours they were picked up and brought to the office of the boss. He apologized and said that they had received information about the beginning of the war and that at noon there would be an official message on the radio for the population. So they were the first to know about the beginning of the war. From there, the boys immediately went to the military recruiting office to register for the front. When they arrived at the commissary, darkness was already over the people, they were taken in to be sent to the Borisoglebsk flying school (incidentally, 40 years later grandson Zhenya finished the school), but said that first you had to pass the exams and defend a diploma at college. In accelerated mode they finished their studies at the technical school. Interesting fact: After the exams the graduates were photographed in a group, but almost nobody had time to take a picture. Incredibly, this photo was found by chance on the internet in 2013. It was displayed as, presumably, graduates of some school. But because we recognized the grandfather, reliable information was obtained. At that time, our army was in retreat, and there was already a threat that Boguchar might surrender. It was no longer possible to wait for a call from the flying school, and then my grandfather volunteered to go to the front. The recruitment office gathered a group of conscripts, of which my grandfather was the youngest, and sent them to the southern front. Without training, without weapons, the recruits went on foot to Rostov. Since our units were in retreat and it was not clear where the front was, the group moved only at night and hid in haystacks during the day. They were accompanied by a wounded lieutenant who died soon after. No one knew where to go next. Then a map was found in the lieutenant's tablet. And here, the grandfather's knowledge acquired in the technical school was useful. They had a teacher, a former military man who was very demanding. He taught good orientation skills, taught the use and reading of topographic maps and taught practical survival techniques. Thanks to him the group was able to reach their units. This was the South-Western front. My grandfather was appointed commander of a platoon of machine-gunners. The retreat of our troops on this line continued. And many soldiers died crossing the Don River. This operation is shown very reliably in the film "They fought for the fatherland". The remaining soldiers were disbanded, and my grandfather was sent to the front North Caucasus. During this time my grandfather fought in the area of Elbrus, where the Germans threw their selected elite mountaineering units called "Edelweiss". They did not fight in open combat - they had a particularly important task, but that made them even more dangerous. Without showing their presence, at night, when the soldiers rested, they silently cut out the exposed posts. My grandfather also fought in the Novorossiysk region, Anapa, Kerch. Here he received his first award. Extract from the Order, literally: "for unprecedented bravery, courage and boldness to award the medal "for MILITARY MERIT" to the platoon leader of the Mountain Rifle Corps No. ... Kichaty Mikhail Nikolaevich, when he attacked the enemy, went into the attack before all other fighters and dragged other fighters along. In the region of Novorossiysk, circumstances developed in such a way that it was necessary to get a "language". They sent a group, but they did not return. The second group was also ambushed. My grandfather was also placed in the third group. They had three days to complete the task. They approached the German trenches and watched. They revealed the following: The Germans were shooting day and night without interruption. And only before dawn, even at dusk, they stopped all movement for an hour and rested. Taking advantage of this observation, they dared to approach the Germans, grabbed the sleeping German and hurried to their trenches. The Germans caught themselves and opened fire behind them. The scouts reached them, but one of them was wounded. The wound was not serious, but the soldier died of a broken heart: that is how tense it was. For this language my grandfather received the order of RED STAR. My grandfather was wounded here twice, the second time seriously - a shot through the lung, after which he was treated in a hospital in Tuapse for three months. The third award was the medal "for the defense of CAUCASUS". After the hospital, my grandfather went to the 3rd Ukrainian front, fought at the so-called "Malaya Zemlya". There was one such case. To cross the Kerch Strait to the Crimea, the soldiers were loaded into 6 boats, it was necessary to take out the Germans. But the boat on which my grandfather was stuck and overtaken by other boats. When they restarted the engine and went ashore, the Germans had already fired at the first boats that landed, and there were only a few people who could survive. The soldiers who had landed on shore, after pushing back the enemy, went on the offensive. In one of the battles the grandfather received a continuous wound in the shoulder, but remained in the unit. After some time his hand began to turn black and he had to go to hospital. The doctor examined him and said: "Gangrene, urgent amputation". But my grandfather, a young man, 22 years old, saw no point in living without a hand and refused. Since he was already a lieutenant, penicillin was used for officers. This and the salt water of the Black Sea, in which all the wounded healed their wounds, saved my grandfather's hand. After the hospital, my grandfather went to the 1st Belarusian Front, which invaded Poland after the liberation of Ukraine and Belarus. It was already 1944. Grandfather Misha received the medal "for the LIBERATION from WARSAW", and then the medal "for the CAPTURE from BERLIN". Interesting fact. In the same period my grandmother Zhenya was also in Poland with an air force regiment, where she served as a radio meteorologist. But they met later - in Germany. At the end of the war grandfather Mischa was in the rank of a captain, had 4 wounds and awards: 5 medals and 5 decorations.

Rank: Sergeant. Military Branch: Artillery. Komarov N. P. was born in 1924 in v. Pryasnodoi, the Kokoulinsky/Darovsky district in the Kirov region, in a large farming family with six children. He was left without a father at an early age and endured all the hardships of peasant life. He studied at the Molotov elementary school, then at the Verkhovondansk seven-year school. After the liquidation of the village, the family moved to Darovskaya, where he graduated eighth grade. The Great Patriotic War began. On August 9, 1942, when he was not yet 18 years old, he was called up for military service and sent to training courses for commanders of the "R. S." gun facility (December 1942 - February 1943). After completing the course he fought and then served in the rocket artillery of the mortar regiment of the 90th Guard ("Katyusha") until 1947. The mortar regiment of the 90th Guard was sent to Stalingrad. Fierce fighting began, the regiment suffered heavy losses, but continued to fight. To Stalingrad - the western front, then Bryansk and the Baltic Sea. On 13 October 1944 the regiment entered the capital of Latvia - Riga. Victory Day was celebrated by the mortar guards in Latvia. The regiment was awarded the Alexander Nevsky Order in 1944. After the war, Nikolai Pavlovich worked and studied in absentia. He graduated from the Khalturinsky Pedagogical School and then from the Kirov Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Geography. He worked in the department of physical education and sports, in an orphanage and then in the eight-year Bobrow School as a teacher of geography, physics and work training. Twice Nikolai Pavlovich went to meetings with other soldiers. More than a generation of school children remember him as a wonderful teacher, a friendly person who worked hard, was not afraid of work and had a great sense of humor. He loved nature, he liked hunting and fishing, picking mushrooms and berries. Awarded: Medals of the Patriotic War II, medals "for military merit" and others. For conscientious work he was awarded the medal "Veteran of Work", has many certificates. He died on June 18, 2003. The good memory of Nikolai Pavlovich is preserved in the hearts of his relatives and all his students.

Rank: Junior Sergeant. Service branch: Artillery. Unit: 1st Artillery Division of the RGC. Kuzmin Ivan Mikhailovich was born on 15 February 1916 in the village of Svyatogorye, a village in the estate Lazo, Khabarovsk region. He had a 6-class education, at the age of 16, faked the year of birth to go to work, as the family was in a difficult situation due to hunger and oppression in the country. Later he served in the army and received the rank of Junior Sergeant. In 1941, at the age of 24 years, he was called up for war - the place of conscription- estate Lazo RVC, Khabarovsk region. Unfortunately there is no a lot of information about his military service. It is known that Ivan Mikhailovich was a gunner and commander of the gun service. From the attached documents it is known that in 1943 he performed a service for which he was awarded one of the medals. Unfortunately we could not find any information about other medals and orders. Combat unit-866 gap RGK1 Ukrf Ivan Mikhailovich was called up on the territory of Khabarovsk, in the Far East, and fought on the Western Front - reached Czechoslovakia and the war was over, this is certainly known. His way of fighting led through the whole country! After the end of the war my great-grandfather returned to his village Svyatogorye, worked as a carpenter, married my great-grandmother Lydia, they had three children: Tamara, Leonid and Galina. After the birth of the youngest daughter, the great-grandfather decided that there were no prospects in the village, so he went to Khabarovsk, got a job as a carpenter in the Khabarovsk RSU (repair and construction department), and a little later moved to Khabarovsk with his wife and children, because the company gave him a flat. A few years later, he got a job at the Headquarters of the Far Eastern Federal District, also as a carpenter. He did not talk to much about his service in the war, but showed medals. There were many of them, and after the war he also received commemorative medals. In 1983 he lost his wife. My great-grandmother died of diabetes. The children were already grown up and had their own families, so my great-grandfather remarried a few years later. He met his great-granddaughter (born 1991). He died suddenly on April 16, 1995. Medals and decorations were unfortunately lost and were inherited by a new wife.

Boris Berlovich was born in Nizhneudinsk, grew up in Ulan-Ude. He studied at school No. 1 and No. 3, his parents worked in Soyuzvtorchermet all their lives. After the end of the war, he also devoted his entire professional career to this company, starting with a simple worker, and retired from the post of Deputy General Director. As a 17-year-old boy, he went to the front in December 1943 from the station Ulan-Ude. Boris Berlovich still remembers the moment when everyone heard the terrible news about the beginning of the war. It was a summer Sunday when the circus came on tour, place - Udinsky bridge. There were many people there. There they announced on the radio that the war had begun. I was young, of course, and I understood nothing. It was announced that the Germans had attacked our borders, - says Boris Haskelevich. And in December 1943 it was his turn to go to the front. - Mom accompanied me. She kept crying and crying. I remember the orchestra was playing the march "Farewell to the Slav." I went into the carriage, the bunk was at the very top, climbed onto it, also cried, - this is how the veteran recalls the beginning of his war. Despite his venerable age, Boris Khaykalevich has a cheerful voice and a clear mind. He got to the Eastern Front. - My service began with Peschanka in the Chita region. Then Olovyannaya, Borzya, Mongolia - the lines of my service went further east. He ended the war on the Eastern front and reached Hilgany. He was shocked twice and got 25 medals and awards. He fought in the 710th separate motor transport battalion, which supplied fuel, lubricants and ammunition. One day they were attacked by the Japanese. The grenade hit a nearby column. The explosion stunned many of us, including me, when I got my first concussion - says Boris Haskelevich. On the abstracts we went through the Gobi Desert to the Khingan Mountains. As today I remember the terrible heat and the hot sand. You may die, but you have to do your job - that was our task, - says the veteran. Boris Haskelevich mobilized in 1950. He graduated from evening school, then the institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Married. With his wife, Anna Nikolaevna he lived 54 years, gave birth to a daughter, has three grandchildren, a great-grandchild. The wife has not been around for a long time. The veteran lives with his granddaughter in a cozy apartment on Ermakovskaya Street, in the care and love of loved ones. In 2015, Boris Berlovich was the only veteran from Buryatia who took part in the parade of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory on Red Square. Even today he remembers very well his trip to Moscow. - Everything was colorful and solemn. Then they were invited to a reception in the Kremlin with President Vladimir Putin. He went up to each table, greeted everyone, greeted, there are very fond memories of that trip, - says Boris Khaikelievich. The peaceful life of a veteran in his home in Ulan-Ude is full of social activities. For many years Boris Berlovich went to schools, colleges, universities, told the young generation about the war years and instilled a sense of patriotism in them.

Ben Nikolayevich Benzianov (real name - Benzion Noyevich Baranchik) was born on 3 October 1918 in Rostov-on-Don. His parents were enthusiastic about the theater and played on the amateur stage themselves. Soon the family moved to Leningrad, where Ben studied at a regular school, but with one special feature - the School Theater Club, formerly run by the famous actor Pavel Yurinov. Ben Bentsianov appeared on stage for the first time when he was 12 years old. Vsevolod Meyerhold, who directed the play "don Juan" from Jean-Baptiste Moliere at the Alexandrinsky Theater, needed boys for the role of "Arapchat". Ben Bentsianov became one of them. In 1934 he moved with his parents to Transbaikalia (the Baley city) and was accepted into the auxiliary staff of the "Workers' Theater" of the "Baleyzoloto" Foundation. When he returned to Leningrad in 1937, he entered the school-studio of the Bolshoi Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky, where his teacher was the famous actor Boris Babochkin. In 1938, Ben Bentsianov was drafted into the Red Army by the Frunzensky RVK of the city of Leningrad, participated in the Soviet-Finnish war from November 30, 1939 to March 13, 1940. Member of the Great Patriotic War, fought on the Leningrad front. He was seriously wounded and demobilized in 1943, after which he went to the front as an actor in the brigade of the Leningrad Academic Theater named after A.S. Pushkin. He was awarded the medals "for the defense of Leningrad" and "for the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". Since 1943 he worked in the Concert Office of the Leningrad Academic Philharmonic Orchestra and was also an artist in the Leningrad State Orchestra. Since the end of the 1940s he served in Leningrad in the New Studio Theater (later the Drama and Comedy Theater, today -"Theater on Liteiny"). In 1951 Bentsyanov joined the pop artist ensemble lenkontsert under the direction of Alexander Blechman. Since 1957 he was the artistic director of the stage of the state concert and philharmonic institution "Petersburg Concert". He gave solo concerts as an artist of the conversational genre, as a recognized interpreter of feuilletons, monologs, poems and musical couplets. Laureate of All-Union and All-Russian competitions, laureate of the Golden Ostap and Golden Pelican awards. In 1985 in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory in World War 2 he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II. People's artist of the RSFSR (1989). He died on April 2, 2009. He was buried in the Smolensk cemetery at Saint Petersburg. Awards: Order "For Merits Before the Fatherland" III Grade (December 24, 2008), Order "For Merits Before the Fatherland" IV Grade (November 22, 1999) Order of Friendship of Peoples (May 6, 1994), Order with the Red Banner Order of the Patriotic War II Class (1985) Order "Badge of Honor" Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" Medal "For Labor Valor" Medal "Veteran of Labor" Medal "For Valiant Work. In memory of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin " Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1968) Honored Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1974) Honored Artist of the Dagestan ASSR (1971) People's Artist of the RSFSR (1989) Honorary Citizen of Buinaksk.

He was Born on May 21, 1923 at the Bada station, now the Khiloksky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. From a large (12 children) family of a railway worker who came to Transbaikalia in 1910 during the Stolypin resettlement from Minsk province. He attended a school in the countryside and graduated the 3rd grade. After the death of his father in 1933 he was forced to stop studying and start working. He worked as a molder at the Badinsky brick factory. On January 1, 1942 he was drafted into Red Army by the military recruitment office of the Chiloksky district of the Chita region. He served in the 384th Rifle Regiment of the emerging 321st Rifle Division of the TRANS - Baikal Military District (Chita Region), graduated from the Regiment School for Junior Commanders and became the commander of the Rifle Division. Red Army soldier F.N. Bilevich - a participant of the Great Patriotic War since August 1, 1942. He was baptized by fire as part of the same regiment and division on the Stalingrad front. He did not need to fight long - he was wounded already on August 7, 1942, spent three months in hospitals. After his recovery in December 1942, he was commander of the machine-gun command in the 49th Rifle Brigade of the Western Front, fought in the direction of Gzhat and Rzhev and participated in the offensive operation Rzhev-Vyazma in 1943. He was slightly wounded in the battle of 25 April 1943. He was treated in a hospital at the Reutovo station in the Moscow region. From May 1943 the commander of the Regiment Intelligence Department of the 653rd Rifle Regiment of the 220th Rifle Division of the Western Front, took part in a raid behind enemy lines near the city of Yartsevo in the Smolensk region and in the destruction of the German headquarters. But on 26th June 1943 he was seriously wounded and treated in an evacuation hospital in Perm for almost six months. From December 1943 he spent his entire further fighting career as part of the 738th rifle regiment of the 134th Rifle Division on the 1st Belarusian Front. Participant of the Belarusian offensive operation, many months of battles for maintaining and expanding the Pulawski bridgehead on the Vistula, the Vistula-Oder offensive. For the last, fourth time, he was slightly wounded on June 12, 1944. The gunner of an easel machine gun of the 738th Rifle Regiment (134th Rifle Division, 61st Rifle Corps, 69th Army, 1st Belarusian Front), soldier of the Red Army Fyodor Bilevich, showed outstanding heroism and courage during the Berlin offensive operation. In a battle on April 18, 1945, during the breakthrough of a long-term deeply echeloned enemy defense in the area of the city of Frankfurt on the Oder, he moved with a heavy machine gun into the forward chain, took an advantageous position and suppressed 5 enemy machine-gun points with accurate fire, destroying up to 40 Nazis and contributed to the success of the attack. In the battle of April 23rd near the village of Wilhelmsdorf he took part in the defense against three German counterattacks and destroyed up to 50 Nazis. The next day, as part of an advancing rifle battalion near the town of Briesen (now in Brandenburg, Germany), he was subjected to a surprise counterattack by a German battalion supported by 3 assault guns. In a critical situation he showed amazing composure, prepared a machine gun for firing, let the attacking German chain grow to several tens of meters and opened dagger fire at close range. After suffering heavy losses, he forced the enemy infantry to lie down. Under the protection of his fire, the units of our battalion managed to take up defensive positions in an unprepared area and returned fire. The enemy opened mortar fire on the position of the Soviet machine-gunner, but F. N. Bilewitsch did not stop firing and did not allow the Germans to rise again to attack. Since the German assault guns remained without infantry support, they did not dare to continue the attack and withdrew. In this battle it killed about 40 German soldiers. The same day he set fire to 2 vehicles with ammunition under machine-gun fire. For the exemplary performance of command operations at the front against the Nazi invaders and showing courage and heroism by the decree of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet on 31 May 1945, the Red Army Bilevich Fedor Nikolaevich was awarded the heroic title of Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin and the medal "Gold Star". After the victory he continued to serve in the Soviet Army. In 1948 Oberfeldwebel F. N. Bilewitsch was demobilized. He lived in the Chita region, then in Belarus. He died on October 2, 2004. He was buried in Minsk.

Born in 1909, Ulyotovsky District. 1069th Rifle Regiment of the 61st Army. Volkhov, Leningrad, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Baltic, 1st Belorussian Fronts. Hero of the Soviet Union, Order of the Red Star. Twice wounded and shell-shocked. Place of residence: Drovyanaya settlement. On photo Bogdanov P. D. on the left. At the Reichstag walls. May, 1945