Heroes and feats

""Sergey Pavlovich Kozlov was born in 1923 in Blagoveshchensk, Amur region... On August 18, 1941 the Frunzenskiy military commissariat sent Sergey to the courses of radio operators to the aviation school in the town of Buguruslan, Kuibyshev region, where he had dreamed to study at so much while he was still at school. After graduation, Sergey was sent to the front. At the front, Sergei served as an anti-aircraft gunner, flew a PE-2 plane as a radioman and a shooter, and was a participant in the battles at the Orlov-Kursk Bulge. The PE-2 bomber (Peshka) is a Soviet dive bomber of World War II, the most mass-produced frontline bomber of the USSR. Sergey was wounded and was treated at the hospital for six months. After the hospital, he went back to the front again, to the landing troops. In 1944 his mother Evdokia received a funeral notice for her husband, which said: ""Senior Lieutenant Kozlov Pavel Spiridonovich fell the death of the brave for the liberation of the Homeland from the German invaders. Pavel Spiridonovich Kozlov was killed in June 1944 and was buried in the village of Zoronovo, Vitebsk region, in the Mass Grave. (On the territory of the village council in the village of Zoronovo, there is a memorial complex, where 8082 people are buried, 8 mass graves and one memorial sign). Sergei finished the war in Koenigsberg in 1945 and returned home to the city of Frunze as a warrior-hero, where his mother, brother and little sister were waiting for him. The post-war period was hard: rations, card system. Sergey's brother was very sick, and his mother had no health either. They decided to go closer to relatives to Blagoveshchensk - with relatives it would be easier. The family went to Blagoveshchensk, but couldn't get there right away. At that time Blagoveshchensk was a closed city. Their way was through Khabarovsk, where they waited for passes to enter Blagoveshchensk, and Sergey got a temporary job. In Blagoveshchensk, from 1947 to 1948, he worked as a construction technician at the brewery. At that time he met his future wife Matienko Nina Semenovna. Whole family went to Khabarovsk region, down the Amur River to the Bystrinsky LPH ""Glavvostokrybtary"", where Sergey worked as a foreman until 1950, then - foreman in the Maginsky Lumber Mill. In June 1951, he returned to Blagoveshchensk, where his entire subsequent life was connected with this beloved city. "

""Leonard Fyodorovich Kovalenko was born in 1924 in the village of Travino, Komyzyak District, Astrakhan Region. Kovalenko Leonard Fyodorovich is an Advisor to Justice Ussurian transport prosecutor in retirement, a member of the Great Patriotic War, fought his way to victory through the Manchurian hills. On January 23, 2015 Leonard Fedorovich turned 90. Kovalenko was conscripted into the army at the age of 17, he began his military service at Blagoveshchensk, on the border of the Amur region. During the war with Japan, he participated in the liberation of the territories occupied by Japanese militarists as part of the troops under the command of General Grechko. He was awarded the Medal ""For the Victory over Japan"". From the memoirs of Leonard Fyodorovich..... ""When the war broke out, I was in the 9th grade of the 27th Vladivostok secondary school at Cape Churkin. There were special clubs in the schools, where we studied, trained and passed the norms of physical and military training for BRWD badges: ""be ready for work and defense"" and RWD - ""ready for work and defense"". There were norms for receiving the badge ""Voroshilovsky shooter"" and others. At the conscription offices we underwent mandatory pre-conscription training and were able to shoot, dig trenches, use a bayonet, walk in formation. In general, we already had all the necessary soldier skills. In the morning of June 22, moving across the bay 'Zolotoy Rog' to Churkin, I heard that a war had begun. That day everybody heard on the radio the speech of V. M. Molotov, the chairman of S. N. K. of the USSR who condemned aggression of Germany. At the end of his speech, he said: ""Our cause is just, the enemy will be defeated, the victory will be ours! The war did not scare the Soviet people. There were crowds of people near the conscription offices who wanted to go to the front as volunteers. By that time I had received a notice from Ulyanovsk Tank College and left for it in the summer of 1942. On the way, especially in Ufa, I felt the breath of war. The stations and station squares were full of families evacuated from the areas captured by the enemy. The period of the war in 1942 was critical. Specially created barricade detachments roughly stopped the cases of panic escape from Moscow of responsible persons. And in Vladivostok one could find inscriptions: ""Panicists for trial! The call ""Everything for the front, everything for the victory over the enemy"" affected everyone patriotically. Men who went to the front were replaced by their wives, and women - by children. All high school students of our school worked at the enterprises in their free time and in summer. I worked with my comrades at the varnish-and-can factory that was near the school; now there is a radio factory. In autumn 1942 I went to school, to the 10th grade, and in December I was drafted, although I was not even 18 then. That's how my soldier service began - first near Blagoveshchensk, then at the border in Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, in Manchuria, on the Kuril Islands during the war with Japan and on Kamchatka. The first years (1942-1944) the soldier's life was hard, especially in the sniper school near Blagoveshchensk. Feeding was according to the third norm which was a hungry norm. At firearm trainings we warmed ourselves by the fire and burnt our shoes, they didn’t last a year, but we were not given another pair. In summer and autumn, 5-10 people marched barefoot in the company. In winter, the baths were cold, ice on the corners, clean underwear on the frost was not able to dry out, it was like a stake, we got dressed, and it dired out on the body. Only before the war with Japan in 1945, they began to feed us according to the ninth norm, it was a full norm. When on August 9, 1945 we declared war on Japan, we had already landed on the shore of the Chinese river Sungari, a tributary of the Amur, near the city of Tunisian. Our part began to move along the Sungari River in the direction of Harbin, capturing the city of Fujin, Tsiamusa, etc. with fighting. The Japanese attached great importance to suicide bombers. I had to see their suicide bombers who were destroying our tanks. The explosive device was attached to their back, when he threw himself under the tank, it exploded. But the Kwantung Army could not stand against our “Katyusha”, tanks and other equipment; it hurriedly retreated, not even having time to pick up the killed. It was terrible heat, but there was nowhere to get water, and there were corpses of Japanese soldiers everywhere. In Chinese villages, wooden dishes with clean drinking water stood in rows on the streets. But we were forbidden to take water from them; there were cases of poisoning. I did not get to Harbin, because our part was turned back and transferred from Vanino port to the Kuril Islands. Under cover of the night, we landed on the closest island to Kamchatka cape, where there was a Japanese garrison. But it surrendered after a short battle, because our ship supported us with fire from the sea. I still keep a photo of General Grechko, who commanded the capture of the Kuril Islands, for which he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. We were all awarded medals ""For the victory over Japan"". In such a way ended for me a long, sometimes cold, sometimes hungry, cruel, but victorious Great Patriotic War. In the soldier's everyday life in Kamchatka, my service was held until June 1950. We were not demobilized, because the Americans had a plan to take away our Kuriles. I was demobilized as a senior sergeant in the position of an intelligence officer. I graduated from law school in Khabarovsk and began working in Vladivostok as an investigator and assistant prosecutor in Voroshilovsky (Pervomaisky) district. Since 1956 - the prosecutor, first in Vladivostok-selsky (Nadezhdinsky) district, and then - Anuchinsky, Yakovlevsky, Krasnoarmeysky district. In 1974, I began working in Ussuriysk as deputy city prosecutor, and for the last 10 years – as an Ussuriysk transport prosecutor, until retirement in 1989. My whole life was in the army and the Primorsky Prosecutor's Office. And now, at the end of my life, looking back, I am happy that it has happened this way. My hands and conscience have always been clean. I have always been faithful to my oath, to the law. "

""Philipp Yakovlevich Klinov was born in 1915 in the village of Voronikha, Altai Territory. In the autumn of 1937 he was drafted into the army: Philip got into the Far Eastern Navy, in naval aviation, where he served for three years. All this time in the Altai, his bride was waiting for him. After demobilization, the young men got married and went to Barnaul, but their happiness was not long - the Great Patriotic War began. To the east of the country went trains with plantsʼ dismantled equipment from the European territory occupied by the enemy. They began arriving in Barnaul in August 1941. The Soviet leadership, assuming that the war was inevitable, was preparing industrial sites to locate production facilities in Siberia, but did not manage to do everything. Nevertheless, the foundations that were laid in the pre-war period for the factory premises were a good help to speed up the launch of the plants, which had been repurposed to meet the needs of the front. Work was carried out around the clock, day and night, in the light of fires. In total, 14 enterprises, mainly of mechanical engineering and metalworking profile, were evacuated to Barnaul. Already in November 1941 Plant No. 17 sent the first batch of live ammunition to the front, and by November 1942 the first tank engine B-2 was created and tested at Plant No. 77. Throughout 1941 and the first half of 1942 Philip Klinov worked in Barnaul repair shops, where Soviet tanks were restored. Of course, he aspired to go the front - to beat the enemy, but the reservation was not removed from him. In early July 1942, the Altai Regional Communist Party (Bolsheviks) appealed to the People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin for permission to create a volunteer brigade of the Siberian Altai people. The very next day, a telegram was received approving the initiative, and an order from the Siberian Military District to form the 74th Independent Siberian Volunteer Rifle Brigade followed. Filipp Yakovlevich was also sent to its ranks. On September 9, 1942 Filipp Yakovlevich had his first child. He saw his son Gennadiy just a couple of hours before being sent to the front - his wife showed the newborn through the window of the maternity hospital. This was followed by years of heavy separation. The train of Siberians was sent to Moscow. On the station platform they were met by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief himself - Joseph Stalin. The fighters of the 74th Rifle Brigade had to accomplish a very difficult task - to make a 170 kilometer walking march from the landing sites in the Moscow region, break through a powerful German defense southwest of the city of Bely in Smolensk (now Tver) region and destroy the main enemy group west of the river Nacha. In military history, the Rzhevsko-Vyazemsky offensive was codenamed ""Mars"". The fascist command attached great importance to this bridgehead - the capital of the USSR is only 120 kilometers away, the bridgehead was intended to be used for a new ""jump to Moscow"". The Siberians were opposed by the Selected SS Divisions “Great Germany” and “Dead Head”, the Wehrmacht Infantry Divisions, the Aviation Field Division, the Independent SS Regiment, “the Eastern Battalion”, and artillery and sapper units. The enemy pulled two field and two tank armies under the city of Beliy. But the Siberians did not flinch! In the first week of the offensive in November 1942, they liberated 72 settlements, causing significant damage to one of the main German armies ""Center"", and marched with the battles up to 30 kilometers deep. Unfortunately, the neighboring formations of the 41st Army were unable to move further, which gave the enemy the opportunity to cut off the Siberians from the main forces of the Red Army. The Siberian Brigade could still walk down a narrow corridor to their people, but the front command had to keep its positions at all costs. Even when surrounded, the Siberians repeatedly attacked the German troops. They managed to break through the enemy ring only in the middle of December. According to military historians, only four out of fifteen thousand people managed to return to the 41st Army. The 74th Altai Volunteer Rifle Brigade was almost completely killed, but it fulfilled its task of breaking through the enemy's defenses and holding its position at any cost! Operation “Mars” contributed to the withdrawal of the main German forces from Stalingrad; the Army “Center”, which was considered the main striking force at the battle of Kursk, suffered heavy losses and by the beginning of the tank battle near Prokhorovka had not recovered. Philip Klinov, who was wounded in the chest in autumn 1942, was evacuated to hospital. He did not catch up with the few surviving comrades and was sent to the 61st Rifle Regiment of the 19th Guards Rifle Division. Private Klinov had many more battles, including the liberation of Velikie Luki, Smolensk, Belgorod - the city in honor of which in August 1943 in Moscow was given the first Victory Salute. In September 1943, Philip Klinov was wounded again, but after lying in hospital for only two months - until November – he requested to go to the front line. Filipp Yakovlevich told little about the war to his grandchildren, only when the kids started to ask him questions. He did not say whether it was terrible during the war. Rather, on the contrary, he gave examples from the life of the soldiers in the minutes of respite. ""We were sitting in a trench, having lunch right there from the bowls, talking, joking. There was no fight, but the bullets were flying around. Suddenly, one of them hit the neighbor's cauldron, and the other hit my finger. The blood was dropping in the cauldron in a thin stream ... I bandaged my finger and picked up the spoon again – who knows when I will have time to have lunch again .... That's how, with rare moments of rest in a series of endless battles, in which comrades were lost, but without losing heart, without despondency, the soldiers went forward, and among them was Philip Klinov - to the Baltic and East Prussia, to the very den of the enemy. The grandchildren remembered how Philip Yakovlevich told about the capture of Koenigsberg. The operation began in January 1945. The fortress seemed unapproachable: the Germans created three defense lines. The first one - 6-8 kilometers from the city center - consisted of trenches, an anti-tank moat, wire fences and minefields. Forts with garrisons and guns were also located there. The second boundary passed through the city's outskirts: there were well fortified stone buildings, barricades, firing points at the intersections, and minefields. The third boundary was organized in the center - it consisted of nine bastions, towers and ravelins. The Koenigsberg garrison, as is now known, had four fully staffed infantry divisions, several regiments, serfs and security formations, as well as battalions of the Volkssturm. The total number of German troops defending the city, by various estimates, ranged from 70 to 100 thousand people. The assault of Koenigsberg began on April 6 with a powerful art training, then, under the cover of a firing rampart, infantry and tanks went on the offensive. The main forces of our troops bypassed the fortified forts, blocking them with rifle battalions, reinforced with self-propelled guns, units of sappers and flamethrowers. Mobile assault squads played a decisive role in capturing the city. They consisted of rifle units, several artillery pieces, one or two tanks, a heavy machine gun platoon, a mortar platoon, a bomb squad and flamethrower units. Only on the fourth day of the assault, the resistance of the Germans was broken. In the evening of April 9, the commandant of the fortress, realizing the futility of further struggle, gave the order to surrender the garrison of Koenigsberg. For that Hitler, considering the decision to surrender the fortress as premature, sentenced the general to death by hanging in absentia. The end of Koenigsberg's storming was marked by a salute of the highest category - 24 artillery volleys from 324 guns. The medal ""For capture of Koenigsberg"" which was received by all participants of battle, including Phillip Klinov was established. The victorious May 1945 the Siberian met in German capital and even put his signature on the Reichstag wall. Filipp Yakovlevich said: Berlin was taken at night, all the spotlights were gathered around and switched on at the same time - it was as bright as day! The capture of the city was not easy for our troops, and in the last days of the war everyone could take a bullet, but we wanted to go home - to our family and children, to restore the ruined country. But Philip Klinov returned home only in September 45th. His wife Fedosya, after her husband left for the front, went to her parents' house in the village, was raising their son, worked at a collective farm - on a grain stream, weeding beet. The day when her husband came to the front, she remembered in the smallest details. Fedosya was doing something around the house, and her three-year-old son Gena was running around the hut. He, who had never seen his father, somehow intuitively felt his native blood in the man in the overcoat, who he saw through the window, and shouted loudly: ""Daddy's coming!"" Fedosya looked out the window, and it was true - Philipp was back home!"" "

""Vladimir Andreevich Kafanov was born in 1924 in Tashkent. With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Vladimir went to the front and in 1944 on October 14 he received the medal ""For Courage"". Throughout the Great Patriotic War my great-grandfather kept a diary in which he described all hardships and joys of those unforgettable events. Thus, according to his diary entries: ""3.03.43 I received a summons to appear at the Raivoencomat. At that time I was working at ""Taşselmash"" plant as a milling operator..... 4.03.43. I went to military registration and enlistment office with my belongings and was sent to radio school (5 km from Tashkent). I was in quarantine for three days. Forty people were sent to reserve regiments. I and one more comrade were given a task to go to the 368 ZSP in Samarkand. It took us a long time to get on the train...... 14.03.43. my comrade left, I was left alone. I was not allowed to go into the city, because the patrols were checking documents at every corner. I had to stay at home. Every morning I went to the station but there were no tickets. I started to get desperate. After all, I could have been called a deserter. And finally on 21.03.43 I managed to seize one footstep of the restaurant car. During the road I had to suffer. I drove on the footstep (during heavy rain and wind), in the vestibule, and in the restaurant car. At 11 o'clock Samarkand time, I arrived in the city of Samarkand. I spent the night at the station and in the morning 22.03.43 went to the regiment. I did not have a chance to look at the city, because it was raining heavily, and I was in a hurry to get to the regiment. When I came to the regiment, they immediately wanted to prosecute me, because I was seven days late, but everything ended well. 23.03.43 We were taken to the bathhouse. The following uniforms were given out: torn pants, a soldier’s shirt, boots without soles and a sweatshirt. And from that day on we began to be accustomed to military service and discipline. How hard it was to get used to it! Every day for four hours we were in combat training. The rest of the time we were engaged in tactics and other disciplines. But the most attention was paid to combat training. We were taught to walk 10 people in a row accompanied by a brass band. We were preparing for the parade on May 1. The feeding was very bad. Borscht with beet leaves was cooked for lunch. We were very hungry and that is why we all wanted to get out to the front as soon as possible. And at this time I was appointed the commander of branch when I did not understand anything in military business. And it was very difficult for me. But finally, the day has come when we learned the joyful news for us at that time. 15.04.43. our company was taken to the bathhouse. There we were given new uniforms (I got an English overcoat, belt and boots, and the rest was of our local production), and reported that we were going to the front. Our company became a marching one. There was no limit to the soldiers' joy. 16.04.43 we plunged into the echelon and at night, to the sound of the march, moved. We drove long. We passed through Tashkent, Arys, Aktobe, Iletskaya Zaschita, Engels, Saratov, Lisky, Valushki, Kupensk. At these three stations, our echelon was bombed, but everything ended well. 8.05.43. we came to Starobelsk. And from here we walked to Novo - Aidar. We walked day and night for five days, across the sands, without rest. We stopped only for lunch, it was a very hard way. Here I began to understand a little bit what a soldier's life is. In five days we walked over 200 km. Finally 12.05.43 we came to Novo - Aidar. We rested for one day and moved on. 14.05.43 we came to Kremennaya (on the left bank of the North Donets River) - it is all in ruins. At night we were ferried to the bridgehead. And immediately we were made to build dugouts for the regiment control. We worked all night and only at 6 am, tired, we immediately fell asleep near the dugouts. But we did not have to sleep long. 15.05.43. Here I first saw the victims (bodies of killed and wounded). I was shocked by what I saw that morning. I was scared and very sad at heart. 19.05.43. At two o'clock in the afternoon we finished all the work and paused to have a smoke. The day was wonderful. The sun was shining brightly, the nightingale was whistling in the forest. It was quiet around, not a single shot was heard, as if we were not at the front, but in the Gorky city park in Tashkent. I was sitting on a log with my back to the frontline. I had some coarse tobacco, but no newspaper. I turned my head to my comrade and asked him for paper. At that moment, a mine exploded to my right, about ten meters away. I was also pushed off a log. Falling, I noticed blood on my comrade's shirt. ""Probably he got hit"" - I thought. After a few seconds, we were already in the dugout. But the German did not shoot anymore. ""Who is wounded?"" asked the platoon commander. I pointed at a comrade, on whom I had noticed blood. He felt himself, but no wound was found. Then the guys noticed blood on my cheek. It turned out that I was wounded. A shard of the mine tore pff some skin just near my right eye. It is so good that I turned my head at this time. If I was sitting straight, I would have remained without an eye. While I was being bandaged, I felt that my right half of the ""treasury part"" was burning very badly. I grabbed the pants with my hand - they were wet and stuck to my body. I began to take off my pants and blood poured from the right pant. There was another wound. The shard hit the soft tissue of the right buttock and remained there. In the fever, I did not notice anything. Blood continued to flow. I was very afraid that, having lost a lot of blood, I could die... And, I wanted to live very much! 20.11.43 I sat down and we went. I was very reluctant to leave hat place. For three months I lived like in paradise. Yes! I will remember this hospital for a long time. 21.11.43. I came to Vasilyevka village, Zaporozhye region, in 196 ZSP. There at once I was attacked by ""buyers"". Some agitated for the ATR, some – for the infantry, others – for the mortars. And everyone praised their part. I wanted to go to the ATR for two-month courses. After all, I will be in the rear for 2 months. Suddenly, one lieutenant comes to me and calls me to his unit. I ask, what is the unit? Laughing, he says - you will not miss. And I was very afraid not to get into the machine gun unit. I started to ask him again,"" he did not say. Well, I thought, ""The risk is a noble cause,"" Suvorov once said, ""and went with the lieutenant. He had already recruited 12 people. Here we were fed, given warm uniforms and in the evening we went to the unit. It was not far to go, 7 km. An hour and a half later we entered the village of Burchak. And here I immediately understood what kind of unit it was. When we entered the village, there was such a barking of dogs in all yards that I had never heard. Dog breeders were standing here. We were accommodated in one broken hut. We lit the stove, brought straw, made a bed on the floor and went to sleep. This is how my great-grandfather got into the sapper platoon. Not having reached Berlin 10 km. they were sent to Prague. Prague asked for help, as the city's population raised an armed uprising. There was an appeal for help from the Americans, but it was denied. The rebels appealed to Moscow and it responded. Their group turned to Prague (on May 3, our troops entered Berlin and hoisted the victory banner over the Reichstag - this my great-grandfather heard on the radio). At lunchtime, they stormed into Prague and went straight into battle. By evening, Prague was cleared of the Germans. What was the rejoicing of the Praguers, how they met them! In the city center, they hung a slogan across the street: ""Prague welcomes its liberators, the Red Army soldiers. They were given flowers, dragged off cars, hugged, kissed, and treated with wine, chocolate, and candy. By 23.06.1945 they passed another 300 km, stopped in the city of Korneburg (Austria, 5 km from Vienna) and they were enrolled in the SCMDD (a separate company of mine detecting dogs). 27.06.1945, led by a platoon commander, they began to clear a minefield in Tulia on the Dunai bank, generally walking on the left bank and right bank of the Dunai looking for mines. On 31.10.1945 they left the city for Krems and stayed there until 5. 11. During this time they detonated 2 bombs of 500 kg and 7 bombs of 200 kg each and 2 more carriages of tear gas in bottles. 6.11.1945. They were removed from the Krems and left for the city of Tully and on December 20 went to Vienna to protect the bridges from the ice drift. "

""Peter Semenovich Karpov was born in 1922 in the village of Voroniy Kust of Novomalyklinsky district of Kuibyshev region. He received the rank of sergeant after graduating from regimental school in Inza. On November 20, 1941 he took the oath of allegiance to his Homeland and entered the battle to defend the capital. He was the commander of the sapper platoon of the 417th rifle regiment of the 156th rifle division of the Order of Kutuzov of the Red Army. He had the rank of senior sergeant. In January 1943 Pyotr Semenovich was wounded in the leg, five months he was in the hospital. Then he took part in the battles at Kursk-Orlovskaya arc. In 1943 he was seriously wounded again. He regained consciousness only in the hospital, his documents were left in the overcoat by the machine gun. He was considered dead for a long time, his relatives received a ""funeral notice"" for him. And he, having recovered, continued to fight. In all, during the war he was admitted killed twice. He fought on the Byelorussian front, near Lipetsk, participated in the liberation of the cities of Kaluga, Shauliai and Klaipeda, liberated Poland, and reached East Prussia with battles. From April 1944 to October 1946, he was the commander of the sapper squad of 417 rifle regiment, demined roads for the infantry of our army. After the war, he took part in demining the territory of the Smolensk region. For his military services Peter Semenovich was awarded the Order of Glory II and III degree, the Order of the Great Patriotic War II degree, medals ""For Courage"", ""For Victory over Germany"", jubilee medals. After the war, he graduated from the Melekessa Beekeeping College and worked as a beekeeper at the “Pravda” state farm all his life. During the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded several times: 1. On 28.04.1944 he was awarded the medal ""For bravery"" by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. On the night of 06.05.1944 he planted anti-personnel mines on which a significant number of German soldiers exploded. 2. He was awarded the Order of Glory II degree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the offensive battle of 13.01.1945 for taking over the railway platform Klaus Gusen under strong machine-gun fire of the enemy he made 2 passes in the wire fence and together with riflemen's units he was the first to burst into the trench of the enemy and destroyed the German machine-gunner with a grenade, who was firing heavily at the Red Army offensive units. 3. He was awarded the Order of Glory III degree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. During the offensive battles from 23.06.1944 to 20.07.1944 under the leadership of P.S. Karpov 87 anti-tank mines, 76 anti-personnel mines and 2 landmines 6 kg each were defused. The unit headed by S.P. Karpov took part in the construction of crossings over water borders and often under heavy enemy fire. 4. Awarded the Order of Patriotic War II degree He was reported missing. 1) 30.08.1943 during the battles on the territory of the Byelorussian SSR in the Gomel region. 2) 07.01.1944 in the course of fighting on the territory of the Byelorussian SSR, Vitebsk Oblast, Gorodok District, Lasvid "

""Ivan Grigorievich Karavayev was born in 1923 in the village of Gramoteyevo, Kungursky region, Perm Krai. When the war broke out, he was working as a village teacher at an elementary school. He immediately wanted to volunteer to the front, but only on his third application (after all, teachers had ""reservaton"", they had to work, not fight!) was enrolled as a cadet of Perm Machine-gun Mortar School, where he studied for six months (from February to July 1942) as a machine gunner of heavy machine gun ""Maxim"". The cadets were taught to shoot all kinds of weapons, and as part of the legendary 62nd Army of Stalingrad Chapay - V.I.Chuikov they were sent to defend the city on the Volga - Stalingrad. On the night of 11 to 12 September 1942, 184th machine gun battalion of the 193rd division, where I.G. Karavayev was, crossed the Volga from the peaceful coast to the blazing and fighting city. Machine gun company was assigned to 685 rifle regiment, which took up defense near the factory and the village of ""Red October"". On the shore of the fighting city there were huge posters with inscriptions: ""Russia is great, and nowhere to retreat – there is the Volga behind!"", ""We will stand to the death!!! These words were not perceived then as agitation. They seemed to come from the heart of every fighter. Love for the Homeland was above all! The fiercest fights in the city flared up in the second half of October 1942. The enemy took up to 10-15 attacks per day, trying to throw everyone into the Volga and capture Stalingrad by October 7, but the enemy miscalculated. Defenders of Stalingrad saintly executed the order of Supreme commander-in-chief I.V.Stalin #227 dated July 28, 1942. This order was severe and fair: ""Not a step back - stand to the death! This is evidenced by Ivan Grigorievich's preserved badge and certificate. On one of the last days of October 1942, the fascists carried out 12 psychic attacks, fascist ""vultures"" hung in the sky almost continuously, German artillery and mortars were not kept silent, and fascist tanks were climbing up. Another day began - a new hot battle began. Fascists were like avalanches, chain by chain, one after another, went into mental attacks. Ivan Grigorievich says about the war: ""Me and my corporal uncle Kolya Vinokhuzin from the second floor of the stone house from ""Maximka"" poured lead on enemy's bullets, and enemy attacks were choked up. Then the enemy tanks ""pierced"" us, paving the way for their drunken infantry, rushing to the Volga. One of the enemy tanks was hit by our “pacific man” Mikhail Panikaho. As I can see now, an enemy tank is ""crawling"" at us. Mikhail swung a Molotov cocktail at the tank, but the fascist machine gun line broke the bottle, scorching Panikio. The defender turned into a solid flame. Mikhail did not get rid of the fire, but grabbed an anti-tank grenade in one hand from a trench niche, another incendiary bottle and rushed to the enemy tank and burned with it. ""Stalingrad Danko, a Marine from our 193rd Division, performed his immortal feat thinking not of himself but of his beloved Motherland. Surely many people remember the main character of this famous novel - if not by book, then by the movie of the same name. Kirill Lavrov played there the role of Ivan Sintsov, the main character. His ordeals became the basis of the plot: having lost, by not fault of his own, his part-ticket and other documents when being surrounded, the officer had to go into battle as an ordinary soldier, proving with blood that he was not a coward or a traitor. Ivan Karavayev's fate, perhaps, was even more terrible and cooler than that of his literary namesake. For the first time, Karavayev was buried alive near Stalingrad: the doctors told the comrades that he was mortally wounded and that there was no hope. Ivan Karavayev's mother was told that her son had died heroically. From the story of I.G. Karavayev: ""Angry Hitlerites were continuously bombing and shelling the city and our positions. The house where we held the defense, where our machine gun stood, collapsed from the shelling, and we barely managed to save our loyal friend ""Maximka"" and take a new firing position in the vegetable warehouse. At the smallest respite between fire, my friends and I tried to ""water"" the machine guns, otherwise because of the red-hot barrel ""Maximka"" did not shoot, but spit. In addition, I had to prepare new loaded machine gun belts. And grenades, fuses to them, incendiary bottles and water to cool the machine gun - all this should be at the soldier's hand in battle. By the evening of October 25, everything seemed to be at an end: both power and ammunition, and I had no water to cool the machine gun barrel. We waited for the 13th attack of fascists. The last belt was loaded into the machine gun and I put the last two ""lemon"" grenades next to me. And if fascists will go in attack today, probably, it will be necessary to go in hand-to-hand attack, we thought. But Hitlerites, probably, were fed up too - they didn't go into attack, but decided to bring down heavy artillery and mortar fire on us at the end of the day. Taking another breath, I ran to the funnel for water to ""water"" my machine gun. At that moment, a strong explosion of an enemy mine or shell was heard. Our fire point was crushed by a collapsed vegetable storage facility. As it was told later in the dugout under the Volga river bank by soldiers - paramedics, my machine gun was completely crushed, the helmet was pressed into the head of Nikolay Vinokhuzin, eyes popped out of the orbits and hanging on their nerves like on white threads. At home, six small children had been waiting for him from the war. I was concussed and lightly injured in the head and in my right leg. When I came to my senses in the dugout, the first thing I asked the soldiers was if the fascists broke through to the Volga? They answered that they did not. And who saved me? The familiar paramedics said, that my friend - the machine gunner of ""Maximka"", the fellow countryman, the moustached Volodya Lyamin had pulled me out from under the ruins of a storehouse. But when he handed you over to us and ran to his machine gun, the Nazis noticed him and shot - they killed your savior. Since then, in memory of my friend, the savior, I have been wearing a ""Lyamin mustache"". And I named my first son Volodya in memory of my friend. And thirty years after the war - that's happiness for sure! - Volodya Lyamin and I met by chance in Perm. It turned out that the medics thought he was dead a bit too early, too. Ivan Grigorievich did not die in the Stalingrad battles - he was hospitalized, and his friend Volodya Lyamin was lucky to be alive. This is how Vladimir Vitalievich Lyamin himself will talk about it more than forty years later in his article ""In burning Stalingrad: - There came a short break. I just thought that the German would have lunch now, as we were again bombed and fired at with guns. Nearby, there was an explosion. I look and see, that the warehouse, where Karavayev's unit was placed, collapsed, and smoke was coming out of it. I ran there and looked at the dead gunner lying in the door, his helmet pressed into his head. I look farther: I can see the boots from under the collapsed logs. I scatter the logs and pull the legs. I saw that it was Ivan. I drag him to the exit. I pass Ivan over to the running sanitary instructor and then I went to my unit. I had just run up - an explosion. I was knocked down. I was lying down and thinking: ""Killed, or what? But since I am thinking so myself, it means I am alive."" I lift my head, blood runs down my face. I feel my head - here, though it’s humming in it like in an empty barrel. I feel that something is wrong with my left foot. Ivan Grigorievich was treated in a hospital in the town of Srednaya Akhtuba near Stalingrad and did not know yet that the command presented him to the medal ""For bravery”. In early December 1942, a sergeant from his battalion, Pyotr Bazhukov, was with him in his room. Together, after recovering from their wounds and pain, they began to walk intensively: Peter was on crutches, and Ivan Grigorievich was with a walking stick. In the new year 1943 they were invited to school, to high school students for a meeting as soldiers from the fighting Stalingrad. After the meeting with the schoolchildren, Peter and Ivan did not return to the hospital, but went out on the road and caught a car carrying barrels of lubricants to their division. So they found themselves again in their native 193rd Division. The command of the division gave them both the military rank of ""petty officer"". There was a war, brutal, full of losses and casualties, but there was more than that in it. There were unforgettable meetings. Many military meetings continued in peacetime. From the story of Ivan Grigorievich: ""So, if we, four front friends, were still alive from the war, we decided to play our Victory Weddings. Having received the consent from our beloved girlfriends - to marry them, in the morning of May 9, 1945 all four officers: Barkhatov, Dyachkov, Karavayev and Larevsky - submitted a report to the regiment commander Colonel Batov for permission to play Victory Weddings in the officer's canteen of the regiment. Having received the permission and parting word of the commander of the regiment Batov and his deputy for political part Major Emelianov, they crossed their family ties in Tatishchevsky district registry office of Saratov region. At 6 pm after the war, on May 9, 1945, a big victorious wedding was held. The homeland is great: all four victorious, married couples scattered around the country. The law of life was stronger than the law of death for Ivan Grigorievich, he survived, as they say, climbed out of the bony paws of death. He was with death, as they say, ""on you"" - but he survived. Ivan Grigorievich says about himself: 'I was doomed to live'. Awards: - Order of the Great Patriotic War, I degree; - Order of the Red Star; - the medal ""For Merit in Combat""; - the Medal ""For the Defense of Stalingrad""; - Medal ""For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945""; - numerous jubilee medals. This year, on September 12, 2020, Ivan G. Karavaev will be 97 years old"". "

""Musabiy Isufovich Kanshaov was born in 1923 in the village of Kyzburun-1 of the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR. At the age of 16 he began working at Baksan HPP as an apprentice, after completing advanced training courses for electric locksmith mastered several specialties: cable manufacturer, roofer, driver of bridge crane, gas-electric welder, carpenter, woodworker. On February 23, 1942 Musabiy Kanshaov was mobilized to the 115th Kabardino-Balkarian Cavalry Division in the regiment, which was stationed in the village of Nartan. After military training, he was appointed gunner number 1 at the 45mm cannon. In May 1942, he was sent to the front in the Rostov region. The regiment in which he served was located near the village of Zelenaya Roscha. He fought in the Salsky steppes. He took part in fierce battles in July 1942, defending Bolshaya Martynovka. In July 1942, he was concussed and was taken to the hospital of Elista. After recovery, he returned to the battlefield, was sent to the landing unit of the Marines. He was trained at Anastasievka farm in Krasnodar region. In 1943, he landed on the Kerch Peninsula as part of a marine brigade landing party, occupied a beachhead on the shore and held it for 9 days, after which they was bombed. After being seriously wounded, he was captured and held in Kamysh-Burun concentration camp, then in Crimea. Together with other prisoners, he was liberated by Crimean partisans and Soviet tankers, after which he was sent to fight in Feodosia, where he was sent to 1164th rifle regiment as machine gunner for machine gun ""Maxim"". He participated in the liberation of Sapun Mountain in Sevastopol on May 14, 1944. After the liberation of Sevastopol as part of the army he was transferred to the 3rd Belorussian Front under the command of A.I. Bagramyan. He participated in liberation of Vitebsk, Latvia, Lithuania, towns and villages Shaulan, Kaunas, Tekums, Liepaja, Jelgava, Ijach and others. In 1944, he was seriously wounded near Koenigsberg and was treated in Kaunas Hospital. From there, together with other seriously injured people, he was transferred to the Urals - to the hospital of Sarapul city of Udmurt ASSR, where he welcomed the victory over Germany. He was awarded two medals ""For bravery"", the Order of Patriotic War of the 2nd degree and other awards. In December 1945, he was demobilized, returned to his native village, took part in the restoration of the Baksan hydroelectric power plant, where he continued to work (work experience of 45 years). For conscientious work he was awarded the Certificate of Honor ""Excellent. Power Engineer of the USSR"", Certificate of Honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the KBASSR. He retired in 1983, was an invalid (participant) of the Great Patriotic War, chairman of the Council of War Veterans and Pensioners of the village of Kyzburun-1 (Atazhukino), Baksansky district of Kabardino-Balkar Republic. "

""Gabdrafik Gabdrashitovich Kabirov was born in 1920 in the village of Mikyashevo, Davlekanovsky district, Bashkir ASSR. After graduating from the Ufa financial and economic college Gabdrafik Gabdrashitovich was sent to build the Karelian-Finnish road. He worked as the head of the section where more than four hundred people worked under his supervision. There he was caught up in the war. On June 25 he left Medvezhegorsk district military committee of Karelian-Finnish SSR as a volunteer to the front. The last two letters from Gabdrafik came in January 1942: ""...I graduated from the Leningrad Artillery School in a hurry, got enrolled in the mortar battalion of the military unit 1025 of the air defense and was urgently sent through Ladoga on ice on foot towards Volkhov, about January 12, 13, 1942 big fights are expected (or the letters were written on January 12, 13)"". Much later, a notice came that he was missing. After searches and inquiries of parents in 1947, they received a second notice. For parents and many close relatives he remained ""missing"", which they did not want to believe. If he had been captured even if he had been wounded, contusions and other emergencies, they still hoped that he would be able to send a message. In the Book of Memory: Kabirov Gabdrafik Gabdrashitovich, born in 1920 in Mikyashevo village, Davlekanovsky district, Red Army soldier, shooter, went missing in May 1942. In March 2003, the chairman of the Fund of search units RB I.Z. Bikbaev brought from St. Petersburg information that the documents of the dead funeral team were found, where it is reflected that they buried G.G. Kabirov, who died in battle, 1920, a native of the village Mikyashevo Davlekanovsky district. According to Ildar Zinnurovich, the soldiers were mainly buried in the funnels from the airliners and the alleged place of reburial - st. Posthost Kirishi district, Leningrad region (here are buried the remains of those soldiers found by searchers) or at the station Zharok, where there is a memorial to fallen soldiers. In our time from the archive data a message was found under the stamp ""Secret"" № 02131 of October 22, 1942 to the Head of the Central Bank of the Personal Losses RED ARMY, signed by the Chief of the Staff Department, Colonel Pautov, which reads: ""In this case, I present the acts and schemes of burial by trophy teams of the Red Army, Jr. Commander and Chief of Staff, who died in battles with the German occupiers in the area of the village Pogostye, Leningrad region"" and Appendix: ""mentioned on 66 sheets"". The annex sets out: ""this act is drawn up in the fact that ... from 21.04.42 to 1.06.42 24 det. army trophy company buried in the area of the railway between St. Pogostie and cross. Zharok the next fighters, commanders and political workers who died the death of the brave in the fight against the Nazi invaders"" and further is the list of those who were killed, on 66 sheets. In the list No. 20 under number 4 Kabirov G G., 1st mortar battalion, Red Army man, address: Bash ASSR, Davlekanovsky district, v. Mikashevo, father - Kabirov Gabdrashit. Of the 92 people on this list, 7 are identified by surname, first name and patronymic, and the remaining 85 people are written in one line: buried without documents, presumably, all of them fell into the category of ""missing"". In the other lists, the warriors buried without documents also significantly prevail. In total, the number of such buried soldiers is 1452 people. Here is one of the horrors of that war. In 2007, a film in Bashkir ""For the Native Land"" (written by Gulnaz Galimullina, directed by Aigul Malbayeva) was shot, which was repeatedly broadcast on the BCT. The film is based on the memories of Kabirov Gabdrakhman Gabdrashitovich about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, about his elder brother Gabdrafik, about how parents hoped and waited for his return, and that all three sons from the Kabirov family defended their Homeland from the Nazi invaders, fulfilled with honor and bravery their parents' instructions. Two of them returned home with victories and battle awards: Gabdrahman served from August 1942 to March 1947, also from August 1945 to September 31, 1945 he participated in the war with Japan; the younger Gabdrahman fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from February 1944, and then until January 28, 1950 he served to maintain order in Germany. The film features episodes of staged battles. The big and fruitful work of Bashkir search groups, process of reburial of the Soviet soldiers is shown. At the moment of film shooting, searchers of Bashkir Republic found and reburied the remains of about three thousand soldiers. In the film places of burial and reburial of the lost soldiers and a common grave № 21 where remains of Kabirov Gabdrafik Gabdrashitovich rest are shown. "

""Kozin Valerian Nikolaevich was born on December 17, 1914 in the village of Baikal-Kudara, Kabansky district. He went to school in Baikal-Kudara village, and after his family moved to Kabansk village, he finished eighth grade in Kabanskaya high school. Valerian was an activist, played guitar and sang well, and participated in many cultural events. In addition, he had a good knowledge of the Buryat language and was fluent in communication with local residents. Since his parents worked as telegraphers, Valeriy Nikolaevich also studied this profession. Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he worked at the Kabanskaya Secondary School as a teacher of physical education and military affairs. According to reports, after the beginning of the war was announced on the radio, Valerian and several fellow villagers were sent to the cavalry division unit. Then a cavalry regiment was formed in Irkutsk, which was sent to defend Moscow. Valerian Nikolayevich was promoted to the rank of junior lieutenant. Valerian Nikolaevich was killed on January 3, 1942, defending the village of Panichino, Rzhevsky district, Kalinin region, and was buried there too. In 1956, the military graves were moved to the center of the Village Council, a mass grave in the village Glebovo, Rzhevsky district, Kalinin region. His relatives made a request on his place of burial several times to the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the Main Personnel Department, Kalinin region. Their inquiry was answered that the military graves that had been moved to the common grave in the village of Glebovo from Panichino were in good condition; a sculpture of the warrior with a wreath was placed on the common grave; the grave was taken care of by students of the Glebovo school. In Republic of Buryatia, village of Kabansk his name is immortalized on the Monument to the Warriors. Kozin Valerian Nikolaevich is my grandfather's blood brother. Kozin Valerian Nikolaevich was not married and had no children. The war crossed everything out. Therefore I as a grandson want to tell about his short, but heroic life. From the award list. Comrade Kozin was a fichting, brave and courageous squadron commander. By his example in the battles in the village of Boykovo, reflecting the onslaught of a group of the enemy up to 50 people he killed 26 German soldiers. 4 Nazis were captured and 12 horses were captured. In the battles near Panichino Comrade Kozin twice entered the attack in the horse formation destroying the enemy. In the last of these battles, the junior lieutenant Kozin died the death of the brave. Comrade Kozin deserved the government award of the Order of the Red Star. "

""Born December 25, 1917 in Chita in the family of a railway worker. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1943. In 1934 he moved to Moscow. He graduated from 9th grade. He worked as a turner at the plant. In 1940, he graduated from the Aeroclub. In the Red Army he was since 1940. In 1942, he graduated from the Balashov Military Aviation School of Pilots. He studied to become a fighter but had to fight as a stormtrooper. On October 22, 1942, Lieutenant Kochmarev began his combat activities at the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. By mid-May 1944 he made 111 combat sorties to storm the defensive fortifications, crowds of enemy troops. In July 1944, the squadron commander Kochmarev led 12 ""IL-2"" accompanied by fighters to storm a column of tanks moving from Lviv to Brody. After turning the column into a large fire, the attackers headed for their airfield, when a large group of fascist ""fokkers"" and ""messers"" came on them and cover-up fighters. They failed to destroy the Ilyushin formation. And then they concentrated all their fire on the closing plane. It was the ""IL-2"" of Korchmaev. The substantially pierced stormtrooper managed to hit a Nazi fighter and safely arrived at the base. Pictures brought by air scouts captured about 30 burnt and broken tanks, up to 10 cars and armored personnel carriers on the road and its sides. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 2, 1944, Captain Kochmarev Nikolay Nikiforovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command at the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism. In total, during the war Kochmarev performed 187 successful combat missions. He stormed Nazi troops near Stalingrad and in Donbass, near Nikopol and Odessa, near Brody and Lvov, having finished his combat way over Berlin. He was the leader first of pairs, links, and then entire groups, consisting of 20 or more aircrafts. As part of the combined battalion of the 1st Ukrainian Front, he participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow. After the war in 1951, he graduated from the Air Force Academy. He commanded the air regiment, was deputy commander of the air division. Since 1956, Colonel Kochmarev was retired. Since 1958, he worked in the Civil Air Fleet as a polar pilot. In 1966, he graduated from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University by correspondence. He lived in Moscow. He passed away on May 16, 2007. He is buried in Moscow at Perepechinsky cemetery. "

""He was born on December 8, 1916 in the village of Uryum now Chernyshevsky district of Transbaikal region in a family of a miner. Russian. Member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) since 1941. Education of 8 classes. Worked as a physical education instructor in Sretensk, Chita region. In 1937, he was drafted into the Red Army. Participated in the Soviet liberation campaign in Western Belorussia in 1939. During the war with the White Finns, he commanded the 402nd Howitzer Artillery Regiment. In December 1939 - January 1940 he made several successful reconnaissance raids to detect enemy fire points. On the night of January 12, 1940 in the group of Senior Lieutenant Vatagin he participated in the raid to the enemy rear. In this raid a Finnish dot was destroyed. With the direct participation of Kirilov a “tongue” was captured – a Finnish officer, who gave valuable information about the enemy line of defense. The reconnaissance raid of Senior Lieutenant Vatagin's group ensured successful fulfillment of the combat mission set before the regiment. All the scouts were awarded combat awards. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 21, 1940, junior commander Kirillov Veniamin Ivanovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal ""Gold Star"". After the war with Finland he entered the Leningrad Artillery School, which he graduated in 1941. In the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a division of rocket artillery, the famous ""Katyusha"". In July 1942, the famous military journalist Alexander Krivitsky wrote from the Voronezh Front about the division commander Kirillov: ""He gave orders quickly and calmly, having time to look in the direction of non-stop moving German chains. He saw the target and assessed it with the experienced eye of a professional artilleryman - good"". In October 1942 he was appointed commander of the 61st Mortar Regiment. Under the command of Kirillov V.I. the regiment distinguished itself in the Battle of the Dnieper and earned the honorary name ""Zaporozhye"". Lieutenant Colonel Kirillov V.I. was killed on November 5, 1943 in the battle for the city of Dnepropetrovsk. "

""He was born on May 17, 1903 in Ust-Karsk settlement, now an urban-type settlement of Sretensky district of Transbaikal region, in a family of a worker. Until 1919 he lived with his parents. Graduated from elementary school. Since he was 9 he worked at gold mines. In 1919-1921, he participated in the Civil War in the Far East, fought in a partisan detachment. In 1921, he was dismissed from the army as a minor. Upon returning home, he again worked at the gold mines. In 1925-1927, he served in the Red Army. After the service, he continued his mining business. In 1930-1941 he worked in the Ust-Karsk department of militia, where he worked his way up from the precinct to the head of the department, later - chairman of the village council, then he was in charge of gold mining and water transport. Recruitment to the Red Army by the Ust-Kar RVC in July 1941. He graduated from the front courses for junior lieutenants. In battles of the Great Patriotic War he was since December 1941. He fought on the Western, Voronezh and Central Fronts. On the night of September 26, 1943, the commander of the machine-gun company of the 383rd rifle regiment, Senior Lieutenant S.G. Kirgizov with the company was among the first to cross the Dnieper near the village of Glebovka, Vyshgorod district, Kiev region and supported the crossing of the regiment's units with fire, destroying a significant amount of enemy life and firepower. According to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on October 17, 1943, for the successful forcing of the Dnieper River north of Kiev, a solid foothold on the West Bank of the Dnieper River and the courage and heroism shown at the same time senior lieutenant Stepan Kirgizov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal. In March 1944, during the battles for the liberation of Kamenets-Podolsky, Khmelnitsky region, the 121st Rifle Division, where S.G. Kirgizov fought, together with 127th Tank Regiment and part of the forces of the 63rd Chelyabinsk Brigade took up defense on the western outskirts of the village of Dolzhok. On March 28, 1944, encircling Kamenets-Podolsky, the German forces launched an offensive simultaneously from the west, north and east. Large forces (about 40 heavy and medium tanks and two infantry battalions) were thrown by the enemy from the side of Rychta and Orinin. Only eight tanks of the 63rd Chelyabinsk Brigade came into battle from the Soviet forces. Three of the enemy tanks managed to break through to the center of Dolzhka, where the command posts of our units defending the western sector were located. One tank broke into the location of the command post of the machine-gun company of the 383rd rifle regiment. The commander of the machine-gun company, Senior Lieutenant S.G. Kirgizov was killed in the battle with the ""tiger"". He was buried in the village of Dolzhok, Kamenets-Podolsky district. "

""He was born on March 29, 1922 in the village Sretensk Transbaikal Province (now the city of Transbaikal region), in a family of workers. As a child he moved with his family to Kazakhstan. He graduated from high school in the village of Charsk (now the city of Semipalatinsk region). After school, Karelin graduated from the Kustanai Civil Air Fleet School. He was going to become a pilot. In the Red Army he was since 1941. He studied at the Omsk Aviation School. But in 1942, the whole course was sent to the front in the infantry, and Karelin got into the courses of junior lieutenants, which he graduated from in the same year of 1942. He participated in the battles of the Great Patriotic War since November 1942. Karelin's fighting way began at Stalingrad. After the encirclement of Stalingrad group of Hitlerites from the area of Kotelnikovo, group of armies ""Don"" Field Marshal Manstein began a deblocking offensive in the direction of Stalingrad. Soviet soldiers of two armies stood there to die, including the 3rd Guards Rifle Division, in the ranks of which fought a platoon leader, Junior Lieutenant Karelin. In the area of the village of Nizhne-Kumsky December 20, 1942 in a bloody battle, he was seriously injured and was hospitalized for several months. Karelin returned to his native regiment in spring 1943, when troops were standing on the Mius River. In August-September 1943, Lieutenant Karelin of the Guards participated in the Donbas Strategic Offensive Operation. He distinguished himself in the battles for the city of Volnovakh, Donetsk region - the platoon under his command was one of the first to break into the city and took a number of important strongholds of the enemy's defense. Karelin was awarded the Order of the Red Star, and the division became known as Volnovakhskoy division. At the end of September 1943, Karelin took part in battles in the lower reaches of the Dnieper and went to the Black Sea coast. In December 1943, he fought hard to eliminate the enemy's bridgehead on the left bank of the Dnieper near the city of Kherson. Karelin received the second Order of the Red Star and was appointed commander of the rifle company. In February 1944, the 2nd Guards Army was redeployed to the Perekop Isthmus region. The enemy command created powerful fortifications in the northern part of Crimea. On the Perekop Isthmus, the fascist defense consisted of 2 lanes with trenches, passages, dzots, minefields and wire fence. The offensive began on April 8, 1944. The attack of Soviet troops was preceded by powerful artillery and aviation training. In the first hours of the attack, units of the 3rd Guards Rifle Division broke through the enemy's first line of defense and reached the outskirts of Armyansk village (now the city of Krasnoperekopsk City Council of the Crimea). The Nazis desperately tried to delay the Soviet offensive and threw their reserves into the battle. Soldiers from the 2nd Rifle Company, led by Guard Lieutenant Karelin's, were among the first to break into the front line of the Nazi defense and engage in hand-to-hand combat. On the outskirts of Armyansk, a Nazi machine gun, carefully disguised in ruins, unexpectedly opened fire on the attacking guards. The company lay down and the offensive was stopped. Karelin, trying to ease the situation, with several soldiers crawled up to the dzot from the left flank. The enemy machine gun continued to fire. Soldiers threw grenades at the dzot. The grenade explosions raised the whole company to attack, but before the attackers could take a few steps, the fascist machine gun came back to life. And then Peter Karelin rushed to the dzot and closed the embrasure with his body, ensuring at the cost of his life the successful completion of the combat mission. By the end of April 8, 1944 the Guards completely liberated Armyansk. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 16, 1944, Lieutenant Peter Grigorievich Karelin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command at the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the exceptional sacrifice and heroism. "

""Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev (January 30, 1918 - November 17, 2006) - the Soviet commander, the general colonel of aviation (08.11.1971), the participant of the Great Patriotic War. At the front he was a squadron commander of the 65th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 4th Guards Fighter Aviation Division of the 1st Guards Fighter Aviation Corps of the 15th Bryansk Front. He finished the war with the rank of Major Guard. Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev was born on January 30, 1918 in the village of Nenaedovo, Rzhevsk District, Tver Province (now Rzhevsk District, Tver Region). In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1938, he graduated from the Odessa Military Aviation School of pilots and remained there as an instructor pilot. He was a commander in Konotopskaya, then in Armavir Military Aviation School pilots. Member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) / CPSU since 1942. In battles of the Great Patriotic War since November 1941. The regiment fought in the Crimea. In March 1942, on an I-15 bis fighter captain Vasily Kubarev shot down a fascist ""Messer"". From Crimea the regiment moved to the Kalinin front, became subordinate to the 1st Guards fighter corps. Here Captain Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev commanded a squadron, received the rank of major, was appointed deputy regiment commander for flight training. By August 1943, the squadron commander of the 65th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (4th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 15th Air Army, Bryansk Front), Captain Vasily Kubarev made 114 combat flights, in 53 air battles shot down personally 10 enemy planes. For these exploits he was presented to the rank of Hero of the Soviet Union. By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on September 28, 1943 for courage and heroism in the air battles with the Nazi invaders the Guards Major Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal. (№ 1120). Major Vasily Kubarev became the first Hero in the regiment when it stood under Serpukhov. Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev was invited to the Kremlin where M.I.Kalinin awarded him Order of Lenin and Gold Star. At the last stage of the war Vasily Kubarev skillfully managed air battles, led squadrons to assault. Major Kubarev made last victorious departures in the sky over Berlin. By May 5, 1945 Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev had made about 300 combat sorties, had shot down in air fights 15 enemy planes, had successfully spent 36 storms of a forward edge of the enemy, having destroyed tens units of the enemy military equipment and a lot of live force. In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy, in 1960 - from the Military Academy of the General Staff. He successfully promoted himself in the service, commanded the Aviation Division, Air Defense Corps. In 1957, he was promoted to the rank of Major General of Aviation. In 1960-1965 he was the 1st Deputy Commander, in 1965-73 he commanded the 6th separate Red Banner Air Defense Army stationed in Leningrad and its suburbs. From 1973 to 1981, he was the head of the Military Radio Engineering Academy of Air Defense. He was a delegate of XIX, XXII, XXIII and XXIV Party Congresses. In 1981, Colonel-General of Aviation Vasily Nikolaevich Kubarev resigned from the Armed Forces on length of service, moved to Leningrad and headed the department at the Academy of Civil Aviation, defended his degree (Candidate of Military Sciences). He is the author of military-theoretical works and the book ""Guards Attack"". He was the chairman of the joint committee of veterans of war and military service - ""Fellow Soldier"". He died on November 17, 2006. He was buried at Nikolsky cemetery of Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg. Awards: Hero of the Soviet Union. Medal ""Gold Star"" (№ 1120). Order of Friendship (01.04.1995). Two Orders of Lenin. Order of the October Revolution. Six Orders of the Red Banner. Two Orders of Alexander Nevsky. Two Orders of the Great Patriotic War of the first degree. Two Orders of the Red Star. Numerous medals of the USSR and other states. "

Veteran remembered: - I was born in Buryat-Mongolia, in the village of Bolshoy Kunaley, Tarbagatay area, Verkhneudinsky District, Irkutsk Province. It was a hard time, half-starved, and there was only one brother left alive besides me, and all my brothers and sisters died in infancy. Our parents were simple peasants. My father fought in the First World War and the Civil War, and had many awards. My maternal uncle Afanasy was a full knight of St. George Order - he had all four crosses. At the time of collectivization, like everyone else, our family, with the hope of a better life, joined the collective farm. That was why we, children, have learned from childhood what hard peasant labor was. My brother and I had no time to study, but of course we had a great desire. In the early 1930s, when a steam locomotive and wagon factory was being built in Ulan-Ude, formerly Verkhneudinsk, I was sent to the city. I remember they put me up with an old woman, and I went to the factory to work, making nails out of wire. And then they started to recruit students to the Postyshev Technical School, to train specialists. There I gradually learned to write and count. After graduation, I became a turner of the fourth class, and when the factory was launched in 1934, I got a job there as a turner. The work then was not what it is now: everything is automatic, but then the machines were simple. There was no ventilation in the workshops, the rooms were tightly closed. It was especially stuffy where the locomotives were being dismantled. - How did you get into the war? - One day a friend of mine called me to the garage and set me up as a greaser. Over time, my older comrades "coached" me, taught me to carefully handle equipment, and I became a locksmith of the fifth category. Ie graduated from the driver's course in 1938, and got behind the wheel of a brand-new "lorry". Then the war broke out on Khalkhin-Gol! By that time I was considered an experienced driver. Although I was a pre-conscript, I had already gained experience,. Therefore, I was taken to the front without further ado: all the trucks were registered. As soon as the fighting in the East was over, I returned home and was left among the civilian specialists- "until further notice." The summons came in the winter of 1939 to report urgently to the military enlistment office. The next morning I said a hasty goodbye to my parents, kissed my old mother, and my brother brought me to the military enlistment office. We, trucks and tractors drivers, about twenty people, were put in a military train and brought to Leningrad in fifteen days. From there, we were sent to the city of Pushkin, to Tsarskoe Selo, right near the Catherine Palace. War… We, new recruits, were enlisted in the training battalion for accelerated training of tank drivers of the 49th Tank Regiment. Everything was strictly according to the regulations, an army is an army. After passing the "course of the young soldier" I was transferred to a summer camp a kilometer from the Catherine Palace. We ran to its gates while trainings. Even in difficult field conditions, we were not discouraged, we were young, cheerful... (sighs) - Do you remember when you heard about the beginning of the war? - I remember it was Saturday, some of us got leave to go to the city, some were going to Leningrad for an excursion… Before the morning - alarm! What was it? The war had begun! I could not believe it… In the morning on Sunday, instead of rest - "Crews, to the machins." And, let's go. We reached the positions determined by the commanders-near the village of Luga by the evening of the 22nd. So I joined the defense of Leningrad. Our tank was hit in a skirmish with the Germans, already on September 5, the tank caught fire, but the guys, fortunately, managed to jump out. There was a hole in the ground filled with water nearby, and we rushed there to extinguish the burning suits. However, my face was a little burned... A little later, we received a new BT-5 tank, the most popular one then, but not too reliable. - Tell us how were you captured? What was there to tell? We took up the defense, dug in and waited for the attack. The order came - soon the offensive. Ther were impassable swamps on one side of the positions. From there the enemy was not expected. Nevertheless, the Fritzes set up a crossing there and hit us right in the rear. In this battle, our tank was hit. A shell exploded inside it… Our tanks burned like candles in a Church, because BT-5 worked on aviation kerosene. How little - and flashed! Burned just terribly! I came to my senses already at the Germans, and I don't remember how, what, where I am.... The main thing was to survive… As it turned out later, the shrapnel hit my head, smashed my face, lips, and teeth… But the Fritz did not stand on ceremony with prisoners - they treated them worse than cattle, they killed, not counting. More or less strong people were driven to mine clearance: accompanied by a submachine gunner, they were driven to the mines. An explosion means you found a mine, destroyed it. Twenty were taken away, and a dozen were brought in. They took a lot of prisoners, so they didn't count them. Much later, I learned that our regiment was completely destroyed by the end of September 1941. Almost immediately, the prisoners were taken to Lithuania, to the rear. Once the peasants began to recruit laborers from prisoners. First of all, more or less healthy and hardy were selected. I was already on the verge of death… But a fellow countryman from Irkutsk helped me. He wrote me down as one of those who went to work as farm labourers. Otherwise, a death camp... Then I and a few friends were suddenly taken away and taken to the West German city of Essen, to the coal mines. They gave us 500 grams of white bread made from sawdust, and one and a half liters of Balanda - a spoonful of flour mixed with water. Imagine what it's like to work on such a ration, to extract coal?! The mine was 715 meters deep, and over a meter of rock layer… People were dying right there… - When did liberation come? - On the eighth of April 1945. This was the day I would remember until the day I die, this was my second birthday. We were liberated by the allied forces. Only by a miracle the prisoners were not sent to the crematorium. Soon we, the survivors, were handed over to the Soviet side, and they were sent, as it was supposed to be, to the filtration camp. The screen of verification was tough – at the slightest doubt, the special forces did not hesitate to send guys to camps for "enemies of the people" and traitors. Things have happened. I was lucky. They gave me the conclusion "Has the right to continue service". According to the law of conscience I served as a driver in Berlin, since I was able to keep my driver's license in captivity. After being discharged in 1946, I returned to my homeland and got a job as a driver in the regional party Committee of Buryatia. Over the years, I have driven high-ranking officials and dozens of party leaders. I vividly remember the faces of the guests of the capital of the Republic. I was a driver for Chinese Defense Minister Jude, Mongolian leader Tsedenbal, triple Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin, and famous cosmonaut Herman Titov.