Heroes and feats

Lev Kareli (1913, Tbilisi — - 1991, Kiev) - soviet engineer, specialist in bridge construction. He started his career in 1928. He was called up for active service in the Red Army in 1933, and served as a technical quartermaster. He studied at the V. Lenin Tbilisi Institute of railway transport (now the Georgian Technical University) from 1936 to 1941. During the Great Patriotic War, he went to the front as a volunteer, with the rank of quartermaster technician of the 2nd rank, he served in the military construction units. He worked after demobilization in Glavmoststroi of the city of Moscow, where he formed a Bridge Train. Under his leadership, a number of railway bridges were restored in the Crimea, from Dzhankoy to Sevastopol and Kerch. On the instructions of the government of the USSR, he took part in the development of virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan. The Bridge Train #444, which was headed by Lev Kareli, was relocated to the city of Nikolaev in 1950. There unique bridges were built under his leadership: 1) Strategic Trikhat railway bridge over the Southern Bug River (construction started in 1950, commissioned in 1954); 2) Varvarovsky Bridge-a drawbridge across the southern bug river in Nikolaev (construction started in 1957, commissioned in 1964). As of 1964 it was the largest road bridge in the USSR; 3) Ingulsky Bridge — a drawbridge across the Ingul River in the city of Nikolaev (construction started in 1974, commissioned in 1980). Until 1996, the Ingul Bridge was the one with the largest drawbridge in Europe, now it is less than 6 meters behind the bridge in the city of Rotterdam. In total, Lev Kareli built about forty bridges of various classes. During the construction of the Varvarovsky Bridge, for which Kareli received the Lenin Prize, many radically new technologies were put into practice — in accordance with which the largest bridge over the Volga in Europe at that time was later built in the city of Saratov (Saratovsky Bridge), as well as the Metro Bridge in Kiev. With his direct participation, bridge builders abandoned the deadly method of building bridge supports (using caisson chambers) and moved to a more advanced and safe method for people — using a directed explosion (camouflage method). Construction of the Varvarovsky Bridge across the Southern Bug River in the city of Nikolaev was included in the list of objects of demonstration construction of the Ministry of transport of the USSR. Lev Kareli died in 1991 and was buried in Kiev. Awards and recognition: Lenin prize — for participation in the development and implementation of advanced methods for the construction of deep fill foundations (1962); Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class (1985); Honored Builder of the Ukrainian SSR; Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals of the USSR. Memory: The honourable citizen of Nikolaev. The former Vorovsky Street in Nikolaev was renamed in honor of Lev Kareli in 2016.

Grigory Kubrakov (April 2, 1920, Petrovka village, Omsk Province, RSFSR — October 5, 2006, Mamlyutka city, North Kazakhstan Region, Republic of Kazakhstan) was a Soviet and Kazakhstani educator and innovator. People's Teacher of the USSR (1988). One of the most famous successors of Anton Makarenko's teaching practice in Kazakhstan. He was born in the village of Petrovka in the Yavlensky Volost of the Petropavlovsk District of the Omsk Province (now in the Esil district of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan). From a young age, he intended to devote himself to medical work: he graduated from a medical College in 1939 and worked as a paramedic. During the war, he served in a field hospital, was awarded order of the Red Star and the order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, as well as several medals. A fragment of an anti-tank shell shattered his femur in 1944. He underwent twelve surgeries, and became disabled. But he didn't lose heart. After a long period of treatment, he headed the District Health Department in his native land, then the district planning office, the newspaper's editorial office, and worked in agricultural production. Even at that time, he was fascinated by the issues of teaching of a new generation: during the war, he saw many children who were brought up "without a father's hand" and proper training in school. Grigory Kubrakov graduated from the faculty of Philology of the Petropavlovsk Pedagogical Institute in 1958. Worked as a teacher and Director of a number of schools in the region: at first, the Voskresenovskaya seven-years school, where for the successful work he was soon awarded a subscription seven-volume edition of the works of A. Makarenko (editions 1957-1958) by the District Trade Union Committee and the Educational Board. Grigory Kubrakov was appointed Director of the Mamlyut Sanatorium Boarding School for children with weakened health and tuberculosis intoxication in August 1963, as a specialist in both medicine and pedagogy. The school was still under construction, and until January 1965, the new Director especially deeply and persistently studied the works of A. Makarenko, tried to adopt the best school experience on trips around the country. For several days, he lived in the Pavlysh School, which taught according to the method of V. Sukhomlinsky and saw it in work. He also found trips to schools in the Latvian USSR in April 1964 particularly useful, and later to the Moscow Sanatorium School #93 and Boarding School #61 in Moscow, which were then operating under the A. Makarenko system. Grigory Kubrakov worked at the Mamlyut Sanatorium Boarding School from 1963 to 1988. There he applied the approaches of A. Makarenko to the education, training, physical and spiritual recovery of students. Together with the school staff, he taught thousands of children to overcome a serious illness, made friends with them with joy, and opened the way to life. The basis of education at school was taken from Makarenko's theory of the working group, a group of different ages. It is like a family with many children. Where the older ones are responsible for the younger ones. The squad was formed "at will". They were led by leaders, whom teachers treated as equals. Under his leadership, the educational and medical institution has become a model in the Republic. Grigory continued Makarenko custom of decorating the school and the surrounding area: They planted a pine Park with his team for the 25th anniversary of the Victory. They decorated the boarding school with blue fir trees, saying: "Every tree was a soldier who had not returned from the war." His experience of using the Makarenko method was reflected in more than forty books and articles published in leading Kazakh and Union publishing houses. He was a teacher and associate Professor at the North Kazakhstan State University named after M. Kozybayev. Grigory Kubrakov died on October 6, 2006 in Mamlyutka, North Kazakhstan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Awards and titles: Order of the Red Banner of Labor Order of Parasat (Kazakhstan) Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree Order of the Red Star Medal Veteran of Labor Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V. Lenin Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Medal 20 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Medal 30 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Medal 50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 Medal 60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (Kazakhstan) Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR Medal of Zhukov Medal For the Development of Virgin Lands Medal For the Defense of Kiev Honored Teacher of the Kazakh SSR People's Teacher of the USSR (1988) Memory: In memory of the teacher, students planted an alley of twenty-five pines, which is how many years he worked at a boarding school. In the spring of 2010, to mark the 90th anniversary of Grigory Kubrakov's birth, a marble plaque was unveiled at the Mamlut Boarding School. The name of Grigory Maksimovich Kubrakov is listed in the Large Encyclopedic Dictionary and the Short Encyclopedia of Pedagogy.

Rank: Rear Admiral Branch of the Armed Forces: the Navy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Naval forces of the border troops of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs In 1938, he graduated from the naval school of M. V. Frunze. In 1941, he graduated from the Pacific Higher Naval School. In 1953, he graduated from the academic officer courses at the Voroshilov Naval Academy. He was the participant of the Great Patriotic War. From 1941 to 1942, he was the commander of the patrol boat "Sea Hunter 201" of the 1st division of the patrol boat. From 1942 to 1944, he became commander of “Sea Hunter” boats. From 1944 to 1945, he became commander of the 2nd division of patrol boats of the "Sea Hunter» type in the Ladoga Military Flotilla. From 1945 to 1947, he served as the commander of the 6th "Sea Hunter" division of the Tallinn sea area of defense of the Baltic fleet. From 1947 to 1948, he served as the commander of the 2nd division of small gunboats. From 1950 to 1952, he served as the commander of the 112 brigade for the protection of the water area of the Svinemund naval base number 4 of the Navy. From 1953 to 1955, he was the commander of the 106 brigade of the independent military service division of the Potiysk naval battery. From 1955 to 1960, he served as the commander of the 24th division of protection of the aquatic area of the Black sea fleet. From 1960 to 1962, served as the commander of the 18th brigade of protection of the aquatic area of the Black sea fleet. From 1962 to 1971, served as the assistant commander of the Baltic fleet. From 1971 to 1972, he was placed under the command of the State Committee of the Navy. Since March 1972, he had been in the reserve due to illness. He lived in Tallinn. He was buried in 1977 at the Alexander Nevsky cemetery in Tallinn. The award list (1944) states: “Took part in the aquatic operation near the Tuloksa river as the commander of the “Sea Hunter” boat division. During the first landing, Lieutenant Commander P.S. Kolesnik, under a wall of enemy fire, shot the Finns with direct fire, suppressing their firing points. He competently covered the landing vehicles with smoke screens when they were approaching the shore, while being himself under mortar fire. Thanks to the selfless actions of the “Sea Hunter” boats, none of the ships involved in the operation were lost. Under the attack of enemy aircrafts, while conducting intense fire, he covered for vehicles with weaker anti-aircraft weapons. For his courage, initiative, and competent use of his weapons, Lieutenant Commander Kolesnik deserves to be awarded the order of Alexander Nevsky.” Rewards: Order of the Red Banner (1942); Order of the Red Banner (1956); Order of the Red Banner (1968); order of Alexander Nevsky (1944); order of the Patriotic War of the II degree (1945); Order of the Red Star (1951); Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"; Medal "For Military Merit"; Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"; Medal " Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945»; Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945". He was married to Natalia Vladimirovna Kolesnik (Nornevskaya), had 6 children. His sons - George Pavlovich Kolesnik (1943), Vladimir Pavlovich Kolesnik (1947), Alexander Pavlovich Kolesnik (1954), Andrey Pavlovich Kolesnik (1955) - were officers of the Navy. His brother Igor Stepanovich Kolesnik served as a sailor in the Black sea fleet during the war. He died in 1942.

He was born in a peasant family. My father, Nikolai Kozulin, came from a poor family. His father, my grandfather Fadey, was drafted into the army during the World War I and died at the front. “I was conscripted in September 1944. The call took place on the Komsomol set in the air force. We were called to Bagdarin for a Commission before that in the summer. We walked from Tsipikan to Bagdarin and back. After saying goodbye to family and friends, we, ten people, went on foot to Verh-Tsipikan, to the airport. The next day we boarded a large four-engine TB-3 aircraft (a heavy bomber converted to a transport plane) and flew to Chita. All of us were on the plane for the first time. We clung to the cracks of the fuselage, looking at the ground passing under us, completely covered with forest. From Chita Airport (Kadali) we were taken by rail to Ulan-Ude. For almost all of us, the railway was a novelty. In Ulan-Ude, we passed the Commission. I was assigned to the 53rd School of Junior Aviation Specialists, which was located in the village of Domna in the Chita Region. Together with me, Vasily Kurdyukov (the village of Baunt), Vladimir Vikulov and Viktor Kislitsyn (Uakit) came from our district. We arrived at the aviation school at the end of September. We were dressed in military uniforms and assigned to the 4th Company, the commander of which, as I remember now, was Captain Vorontsov. At first, I was assigned to the group of masters in aviation radio equipment, and soon, I don't know why, I was transferred to the group of masters in aviation armament. I studied machine guns, cannons, rockets, bombs, and aircraft equipment for nine months. The end of the war with Germany coincided with the end of school. We had just sat down in the classroom for classes on May 9, when an officer ran into the school building and shouted at the top of his voice: "the War is over! Victory!” Everyone jumped up, what kind of classes are there? Soon, the school personnel was lined up on the garrison parade ground, the head of the school congratulated everyone on the victory and declared the day free from classes. After a while, all those who completed their studies were assigned to units. I was assigned to the 921st Assault Aviation Regiment, which was based at the 77th Division in the Chita Region. My new duty station was 3rd squadron, 2nd wing. There were three planes. I had two subordinates, two privates, Fomin and Seredkin at my disposal. Both were about forty or slightly older. For me, when I was eighteen, they were old people. As I now imagine, and it becomes funny to me, as these two guys both solid with pity looked at me. I was skinny, only 50 kilograms and no more. But they looked at me as their direct superior. It is impossible to remember without laughter how I "learned" master tried to teach them how to handle weapons, but, in the end, they taught me the correct operation with weapons in the field and in combat. At first, they did not allow me to do the hard work: remove weapons from the plane, hang bombs, and clean the material parts. I always remember them with gratitude! For the first time in the regiment, I saw girls who were motorists, instrument makers, parachutists. Before the war with Japan, they were demobilized. At the end of July, the order came to load into trucks and relocate to one of the "squares" of Mongolia bordering Manchuria. We rode through the Mongolian steppe, admired its vastness, and marveled at the equanimity of its native tarbagans. When we on Studebaker arrived in our "square", there already was an aircraft of our regiment. We stood in this "Square" for several days, lived in tents, like on a camping trip. At night of from August 8 to 9, 1945, everyone was woken up by a strong growing hum. We jumped out of the tents. The entire steppe was flooded with light from end to end. It was as if a large tank column was rushing straight to our parking lot. The column skipped past, almost hitting the last plane and our tents. The tanks were moving towards the border of Manchuria. There was no sleep. In the morning, the regiment was lined up, and the regiment commander, Major Simagin, reported that the Soviet Government had declared war on Japan. The planes were refueled and the weapons were loaded. A convoy of vehicles came up and we crossed the border in the area of Khalun-Arshan and Solun. In Solun, where the Japanese had established a Spa on a mineral spring, we enjoyed bathing in a pit lined with marble slabs, and for so long that we had to be helped out of this wonderful bath. Then there was a pass over the Khingan Ridge, all littered with broken tanks, guns, planes, vehicles and other military equipment. At one of the railway stations, I don't remember the name, our aircraft bombed a train with Japanese cadets. We, who had not yet smelled gunpowder, were afraid to look at the burning cars and corpses. Bodies were strewn everywhere and machines were moving over them. A cadaverous smell and the smell of burnt meat. At nights our convoys and military units were attacked by the Japanese remaining in the rear of the group. There were cases when everyone was slaughtered. Wells with drinking water were filled up with corpses, river water was also unusable for drinking, it floated the corpses of Japanese soldiers. Our regiment stopped near the town of Vanimo. Our planes flew to bomb and attack from the field airfield. I remember a curious incident. I was on duty, guarding the aircraft parking lot. Before the start of the shift, the head of the guard and the duty officer warned that the Japanese tried to blow up planes in the neighboring regiment at night. I walk around the row of planes and suddenly saw someone standing at the last plane. My heart sank. I carefully unslung my rifle and crept around the plane, looking around for anyone behind me. Quietly, almost to myself, I said: "Hands up, I will shoot!". He was silent. And then the moon came out from behind the clouds, illuminated the "enemy". The enemy turned out to be a balloon with compressed air. I think it took a long time to hiccup from my words to the one who did not remove the balloon from the plane. Late one evening the whole steppe was lit up by fire. Rockets flew into the air, tracks from cannon and machine-gun fire, rifle and pistol shots. Everyone fired what they could. This was the end of the war with Japan. We did not stend for long under Wangmao. The gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. V. Stalin was announced to everyone, and our 316th Assault Air Division was named Mukden. The order to return home, to the Homeland we received somewhere in the middle of September”.

My father, Sergey Kolesnikov, was born on October 18, 1916 in the village of Grafskoye, Volchansky District, Kharkov Province, in the family of Ivan Kolesnikov, a peasant who participated in the World War I. Then the Kolesnikov family moved to the village of Staritsa (now Volchansky Вistrict of Kharkov Region). Member of the Komsomol since June 1931. He graduated from the factory seven-years school in Kharkov in 1932. He graduated from the Kharkov power Engineering College in 1936. Among the excellent students (who made up five percent of the total number of graduates of the technical school), he was sent to study at the Kharkov Electrotechnical Institute. At the same time, he worked in elected and vacated positions: Secretary of the Committee of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Ukraine (1937-1938). In 1939-1941 — Chairman of the Trade Union Committee of the Institute. Since April 1940 - member of the party Bureau of the Kharkov Electrotechnical Institute. Member of the CPSU (B) since 1939. Before graduation from the Institute in May 1941, Sergey Kolesnikov was sent to work as a design engineer at the defense plant #193 in Kharkov. He graduated from the Kharkov Electrotechnical Institute (diploma from August 14, 1941, stored in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War) in July 1941, and continued to work at plant #193 in Kharkov, and from October 1941 in the village of Kasli, Chelyabinsk Region (after the evacuation of the plant), was the Secretary of the Komsomol organization. My father relieved from his position at the plant by the Chelyabinsk Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in connection with his election the First Secretary of the Traktorozavodsky District Committee of All-Union Leninist Communist Union of Youth (the district Committee, led the largest field organization of the famous "Tankograd" Chelyabinsk tank factory). Sergey Kolesnikov headed the headquarters of the Komsomol construction of six blast furnaces at the Magnitogorsk metallurgical plant in 1943. It was put into operation in record time in December 1943. He became the First Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Komsomol in January 1944. During the war, he led the work of the Regional Committee to mobilize the youth of the Chelyabinsk Region to help the front. It was marked by the gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin for this work, as well as for raising money for the defense Fund and providing assistance to children of front-line soldiers (the Komsomol Regional Committee received two telegrams at the end of the war to S. Kolesnikov). Sergey Kolesnikov was awarded a certificate of honor by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union in January 1944 for organizing work on the construction of the 6th Magnitogorsk Komsomol blast furnace (OF-100247 of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War). He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in April 1945, for his contribution to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. He was awarded the medal For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in November 1945. Sergei Kolesnikov was transferred from Chelyabinsk to Moscow on August 30, 1946, at the disposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was the Head of the Department of the Central Committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union for relations with the Communist and workers ' parties of the socialist countries (Poland and Czechoslovakia) from June 1957 to October 1984. For his work in peacetime, he was awarded three orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1961, 1966, 1971), two orders of the Badge of Honor (1948, 1958), the order of Friendship of Peoples (1976), many commemorative medals, commemorative medals and badges of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, orders and medals of Poland and Czechoslovakia. For special services in the veteran movement of the city of Moscow, Sergey Kolesnikov was awarded the badge Honorary Veteran on October 18, 2011 (in connection with the 95th anniversary of his birth). Sergey Kolesnikov died on October 11, 2016, and was buried at the Danilovsky Cemetery in Moscow.

Valentina Kolesnikova (Aristarkhova) was born on October 7, 1924. After the death of her father, Vasily Aristarkhov in 1934, she was orphaned (her mother, Varvara Aristarkhova died in 1931). She was raised together with two brothers by her stepmother Anisya Aristarkhova. They lived on Shabolovka Street. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, my mother graduated from the 9th grade of a secondary school in the Leninsky District of Moscow (school number unknown). She left Moscow with her stepmother at the end of July 1941 to be evacuated to Tartary. Her two brothers, Alexander and Dmitry Aristarkhov, were in the Red Army. A month later, the family returned to Moscow (according to the entry in the workbook of her stepmother A. Aristarkhova dated September 4, 1941). During the battle of Moscow, from February 1942, she worked as an economist for the municipal trust of the Leninsky District of Moscow. She joined the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union in December 1942. She entered the Moscow State Economic Institute in October 1943. During extracurricular time, my mother helped care for wounded soldiers in Moscow hospitals. She was awarded the medal For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in March 1947. V. Aristarkhova married a Komsomol worker of the war years (Chelyabinsk), an employee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Sergey Kolesnikov in 1947. After graduation from the Economic Institute in 1948, my mother was an employee of the State Planning Committee of the USSR. She worked as an economist, chief specialist, and Deputy head of the Sub-Department of the Finance and Property Department until July 1976. Then, until October 1979, she was a hosewife for family reasons. She retired in October 1979. She had the honorary titles of war veteran and labor veteran. V. Kolesnikova was awarded the medals 50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, In Memory of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow in the 1990s. The jubilee medals 60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and 65 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the Communist Party medal 65 Years of the Battle of Moscow and others - in 2005 and 2010. Valentina Kolesnikova died on May 10, 2012 after a long-term serious illness and was buried at the Danilovsky Cemetery.

Elena Kolesova (1920-1942) - intelligence officer, commander of the sabotage group of the partisan special forces unit (military unit No. 9903), Hero of the Soviet Union. Born on August 1, 1920 in the village of Kolesovo (now Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Region) in a peasant family. By nationality - Russian. Her father died in 1922, and she lived with her mother. She also had a brother Konstantin, a sister Galina, and a brother Alexander. From the age of eight, she lived in Moscow with her aunt and aunt’s husband (7, Ostozhenka Street). She studied at school #52 of the Frunzensky District (14, 2nd Obydensky Lane). She graduated from seven classes in 1936. She graduated from the 2nd Moscow Pedagogical College (now Moscow City Pedagogical University) in 1939. She worked as a teacher at school #47 of the Frunze District (now gymnasium #1521), then as a senior pioneer leader. Veteran of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. She worked on the construction of defensive structures until October 1941. He graduated from courses for medical orderlies. After two unsuccessful attempts to get to the front in October 1941, she was accepted into the group (official name — military unit #9903) of Major Arthur Sprogis (1904-1980) - a Special Authorized Intelligence Department of the Western Front Headquarters. Passed short-term training. For the first time in the rear of the enemy was on October 28, 1941 with the purpose of mining roads, destroying communications and conducting reconnaissance in the area of stations of Tuchkovo, Dorokhovo and the village of Staraya Ruza in the Ruzsky District of the Moscow Region. Despite the setbacks (two days in captivity), some information was collected. Soon there was a second task: a group of nine people under the command of Elena Kolesova spent eighteen days scouting and mining roads in the Akulovo - Karabuzino area. the combined detachment #1 of the Intelligence Department of the Headquarters of the Western Front, in which Kolesova was, engaged in battle with enemy troops in January 1942, on the territory of the Kaluga Region (near the city of Sukhinichi). Group members: Elena Kolesova, Antonina Lapina (born in 1920, in May 1942 was captured, sent to Germany, after returning from captivity lived in the city of Gus-Khrustalny) - Deputy Group Commander, Maria Lavrentieva (born in 1922, in May 1942 was captured, sent to Germany, further fate is unknown), Tamara Makhonko (1924-1942), Zoya Suvorova (1916-1942), Nina Suvorova (1923-1942), Zinaida Morozova (1921-1942), Nadezhda Belova (1917-1942), Nina Shinkarenko (1920-1942). The group completed the task and delayed the enemy until the approach of units of the 10th Army. All participants of the battle were awarded. The Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR Mikhail Kalinin awarded Elena Kolesova the order of the Red Banner in the Kremlin on March 7, 1942. She joined the CPSU (b) In March 1942. A sabotage and partisan group of twelve girls under the command of Elena Kolesova was parachuted into the Borisovsky District of the Minsk Region on the night of May 1, 1942. Many girls had no experience in skydiving - three crashed on landing, one broke her spine. Two girls were detained and taken to the Gestapo on May 5. The group began fighting in early May. Partisans blew up bridges, derailed the military trains with the Nazis and military equipment, attacked police stations, ambushed, destroyed traitors. For the capture of the "ataman-paratrooper Lelka" ("tall, hefty, 25 years old, with the order of the Red Banner"), 30 thousand Reichsmarks, a cow and 2 liters of vodka were promised. Soon ten local Komsomol members joined the group. The Germans found out the location of the camp of the sabotage and partisan group and blocked it. The activities of the partisans were greatly hindered, and Elena Kolesova led the group deep into the forest. The group destroyed a bridge, four enemy trains, three trucks, and six enemy garrisons from May 1 to September 11, 1942. On a summer day, in front of the sentry, she blew up an enemy train with equipment. An operation to destroy the German garrison in the heavily fortified village of Vydritsy by a group of partisan detachments began on September 11, 1942. Kolesova's group also took an active part in this operation. The operation was successful, but Elena was mortally wounded in the battle. She was initially buried in the village of Mihovska of the Krupsky District, Minsk Region. Her remains were moved to the city of Krupki in a mass grave, in which her battle friends were also buried in 1954. A monument was placed on the grave. Rewards: The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Elena Kolesova posthumously by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 21, 1944 for "heroic feat shown while performing a combat mission behind enemy lines". She was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star. Memory: Monuments were installed on the grave, at school #2 in Krupki (author V. Paleychuk) and in the village of Mordvinovo of the Yaroslavl Region. Memorable signs were installed at the place of fatal injury and the first burial (near the former village of Mihovska). There are memorial plaques on the building of the Moscow State Pedagogical University #2 (now MSPU) (4, 2nd Agricultural Passage) and school #47 (10, 1st Neopalimovsky Lane) of the city of Moscow, on the building of the Moscow Komsomol Committee (5, Kolpachny Lane), on the building of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (14, Krasnokazarmennaya Street). School #2 in Krupki, streets in Volgograd, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Krupki and the village of Zorichi in the Borisovsky district of Minsk Region are named after her. A suburban electric train running on the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway is named after Elena Kolesova.

"...I (Victor Kazakov) was born on 05.01.1924 in the village of Bayki, Karaidelsky District, Bashkir ASSR. 20.06.1941 - graduated with Honors from secondary school in the village of Bayki, Karaidel District, Bashkir ASSR The war prevented further education. After graduation from secondary school, in connection with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, from 25.06.1941, by order of the District Executive Committee, I was sent to work in the Karaidel District office "Zagotskot" in the village of Bayki as a handyman. Drove cattle to the railway station Yanaul Kaz, and to the meat processing plant in Sverdlovsk. Then in the village the Baiki harvested crops of the collective farm "Pervorodnoe" until October 1941 I worked in the procurement Department of the Karaidel District consumer Union as a raw material supplier of agricultural products in the Aydosovsky Selpo from 30.10.1941, in the Baikal Selpo from 06.01.1942. During the period of work in the Baikinsky Selpo from June 10, 1942, on mobilization, I was sent to the 2nd Moscow Tushinsky School of Special Communications evacuated to the station Abdulino of Kuibyshev railway. But a few days later I was recalled and continued to work in the Baikal Selpo until 30.07.1942. I voluntarily through the Karaidel District Military Commissariat entered the Riga Military Infantry School, evacuated to the city of Sterlitamak BASSR on 17.08.1942, and enrolled as a cadet in the 4th Mortar Company of the Mortar Battalion. As an excellent student in November 1942, I was sent to the courses organized by the battalion, where they planned to train Junior commanders for the upcoming recruitment of cadets born in 1925, but after two months it was disbanded and I was sent back to the 4th Company. After passing the preliminary exams, at the end of February, I was sent to the front along with all the cadets. When moving by rail in March 1943, during a raid by enemy aircraft, we were bombed near Yelets, where I were lightly wounded in the right leg with a dislocation in the knee joint. I was cured in the echelon. At the beginning of April, due to a lull at the front, I was sent to Novy Oskol after a month of training for Second Lieutenants of the Voronezh Front and enlisted in the 9th Mortar Company as cadet, where I continued to heal after being wounded. At the end of the course 10.09.1943 By order of the Voronezh front #0592, I was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant at the end of the course on 10.09.1943 by the order of the Voronezh Front #0592 and sent to the 32nd Reserve Regiment of the officer reserve of the 1st Ukrainian Front. Then in early October to the 15th Rifle Regiment, 147th Rifle Division, 120 mm Mortars Battery of the 2nd Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front. The regiment at this time was fighting to hold, and then expand the bridgehead on the right Bank of the Dnieper River 15 km South of Pereyaslav. I was appointed a platoon leader in the 15th Rifle Regiment, 147th Rifle Division, 120 mm. mortar battalion (order on 147 RD #086 of 25.10.1943). A few days later I was taken by the chief of artillery as an assistant. During my twenty-day stay in the battery, I served as the leader of the control platoon. The battery of the unit was transferred to other regiments, and even participated in artillery preparation for breakthroughs in other divisions. As part of the regiment, serving as an assistant chief of artillery, I participated in heavy battles with the Rommelev army near Zhytomyr in the fall of 1943 /November/ under Chernyakhov, Korosten, Korostyshev, then as part of one, then as part of another army and corps. Participated in the destruction of encircled enemy near Novograd Volynsk (end of December-beginning of January 1944). The regiment was badly battered in heavy fighting on November 23 near Brusilov. I returned to the battery in January 1944 in Berdichev. The regiment at that time went to the formation. I was appointed senior of the battery. The battery participates in the breakthrough of the enemy’s defense in the village of Velikaya Medveditsa near Shepetivka in late February 1944 /or early March/. At this time, the battery commander and one platoon leader failed. I took command of the battery. The battery participates at this time in the battles near Gritsev in the conditions of spring thaw, with a lack of traction, lack of ammunition. We used captured mines and fired at the resisting Germans. The battery was short of men. Horses, carts, and ammunition were missing. Replenished by trophies and from the population, by the end of the offensive, the battery had a sufficient amount of transport and optics /at the expense of trophies/ and communication equipment. The regiment was fighting hard at this time. Therefore, having replenished the reserves with captured mines, the battery arrived at night in the village of Zalesye near Gritsev. Half an hour later, from the rear of the forest, more than 2 battalions of the enemy, retreating earlier in the day along a parallel road, attacked two of our battalions. About one and a half hundred Germans were moving to the battery's hastily occupied firing positions. The battery's personnel repelled the attack with machine guns and mines at the lowest sights, successfully using the lighting of the burning village. On the battlefield, the enemy left dozens of corpses, machine guns, and many other weapons. For a successful operation, the regimental commander awarded me a horse with a saddle (which was then a luxury). Together with the regiment, I participated in the battles at Proskurov with a numerically superior enemy, where the regiment lost 40 % of its artillery, at Kamianets-Podilsk, Skala. Participated in battles with the enemy, who sought to break through to the surrounded group of Germans under the Rock. In the battles near Pshevlovka enemy tanks with transporters and self-propelled guns came out between the firing position and my observation post and broke my cable connection. The battalion commander, whom I supported, was ordered to withdraw the battalion, for it stood very far ahead, having no neighbors. It was ordered to withdraw with the battery. Having made my way back to the battery and seeing that the fire of the tanks could not hit the battery, because it stood in a deep but narrow ditch and was separated from the tanks by a river, and the slopes of the hill were steep, I ordered to open fire. An armored personnel carrier was set on fire. The tanks, after firing, unsuccessfully withdrew and allowed the battalion and battery to withdraw safely. For successful operations during the offensive, I was awarded the Order of the Red Star by order #012-N of 147 of May 1, 1944. A mortar company of the enemy was destroyed by a battery near Skala in the area of Belyavintsy on April 20, 1944. The scouts of the regiment pointed out to me the area of the company's stronghold. It was visible from the steep Bank of the river that was ahead of the trenches, from no-man's-land. The enemy company was located in the forest, which at an angle of 45 degrees approached the river. At night, I moved to the shore and stretched the connection from the company commander to myself, and in the morning, I destroyed the enemy's mortar company partially. Going back not having reached our trenches with my OP about a hundred meters /had to climb the mountain/ was forced to lie down in a hole for about six hours, got sick with malaria and left for treatment. A Lieutenant was sent to take command of the battery. I returned to the battery on May 2 and took command of the 1st Platoon as the battery's senior. In this position, I stayed until the crossing of the Beaver River in Germany. Together with the regiment participated in the summer offensive of 1944, crossed the Dniester River near the city of Galich. During the crossing, the battery was bombed twice and was badly battered. We transported the material part and carts on boats, horses by swimming, using only our own means. Having crossed and replenished horses, the battery with the regiment, advancing, went with heavy fighting to the rear of the enemy to the city of Kalush and went to meet our troops fighting for the city of Stanislav. The enemy, retreating from the city of Stanislav, taking advantage of their numerical superiority, broke through and at night his columns moved through Podgorki. The battery was at this time in the kitchen gardens, pressed against the rivers on two sides, and on the other two by the Germans, not covered and separated from its regiment. The Germans were 200 meters away and were firing at the enemy. In the morning, taking advantage of the fog, we retreated into the bushes, crossed the river, and in the afternoon joined the regiment and the units that were coming from the city of Stanislav to meet us. Then, together with the regiment, we participated in the crossing of the stormy Carpathian, full-flowing after the rain, the Stroti River and the liberation of Stryi. Then we went to rest in the village of Butsuv, 18 km away from the town of Przemysl. The regiment was on the Sandomierz bridgehead, under Evanescene, under Borovym in August 1944. 06.11.1944. By order of the 13th Army #0474 I received the next military rank of Lieutenant Participated in the breakthrough of the German defense near Kurozvenki on January 12, 1945 as part of one artillery group. The battery crossed the river Oder in early February 1945. At night we took up a firing position near a brick factory, and in the morning enemy tanks, four armored personnel carriers with infantry and vehicles broke through from Steinau, and, moving along the highway to the South, found themselves 500 meters behind the battery. Communication with the battery commander was interrupted. I ordered the battery to be deployed and open fire with direct-fire mortars. It was done. The Germans abandoned their vehicles, transporters, and scattered across the field, ran to the forest, and were destroyed by our fire and machine guns of the 2nd battalion of our regiment that had retreated to the factory. Transporters and trucks were captured. The next day the same story was repeated. Enemy tanks broke through, moving South along the highway with the infantry. Self-propelled and anti-tank guns opened fire on the Germans. The infantry abandoned their vehicles and ran, trying to hide in the nearest forest, but were destroyed by fire of the battery, they turned back to the rear. For this two-day battle, I was awarded the Order of the Red Star (Order #0-10-N on 147 RD from 27 03.1945). As part of the regiment, I participated in the battles for the city of Sprtau. Participated in the battles for the expansion of the bridgehead on the Bober River. There I took command of the battery, in connection with the departure of the battery commander to the post of chief of artillery of the regiment /Order #015 to 147 RD from 02.05.1945/ Participated in the battles to break through to the encircled group of our troops near the Bober River in the area of Benau, Pferten and for clearing the right-Bank half of thetown of Forst Then we rested and were formed near the town of Alta Colt Furth near Losnitza. I took command of the battery during the breakout of the defense on the Neiss River on April 16, 1945, as part of the artillery group, on section of the 60th Rifle Regiment of 147 Rifle Division and commanded the battery until the end of the war /formally, I was the battery commander from 17.04.1945 but I did not command it, but performed the duty of the artillery commander of regiment/.”

“I lived in my parents' house until 1929, graduated from the 4th grade of the village school. I lived in an orphanage from 1929 to 1930. Then studied at the Novostroymaterial Pofessional School in Kuibyshev from 1930 to 1932. It was disbanded in 1932. Before and after the October revolution, the family was engaged in agriculture. The mother was dekulakized and exiled for one year outside the district in 1930. The mother and her eldest son went to Kuibyshev, where I also went. Now my mother lives as a dependent of her brother in Petropavlovsk. I consider myself a Russian. I graduated from the Petropavlovsk Teachers' Institute in 1939, Faculty of History and received the title of teacher of grades 5-7. I do not speak any foreign languages. I started working independently in 1932. I worked as a carpenter's apprentice in Kuibyshev from September 21, 1931 to October 1933, where completed 7 classes in the evening school of factory youth. I studied at the Petropavlovsk Pedagogical College from October 17, 1933 to June 25, 1936. I was a 3rd grade teacher from September 25, 1936 to August 14, 1937, worked in a seven-year school for one year and taught history in Atbasar, Akmolinskiy Region. I studied at the Petropavlovsk Teachers' Institute from September 1937 to July 27, 1939, and graduated with honors, then worked as a teacher of history in the Petropavlovsk Veterinarian College from September 1939 to November 1939. I served in the armed forces fom November 1939 to July 1945. I worked as the Director of the Yavlensky Secondary School in the Leninsky District of the North Kazakhstan Region from July 1945 to March 1947. I worked as the Director of the Letovochnaya Secondary School in the Keller District of the Kokchetav Region from August 1947 to September 1949. I was a Director of the Obukhov Secondary School in the Kellerovskiy District of the Kokchetav Region since September, 1949. I didn't serve in the old army. I joined the armed forces at the call of the Petropavlovsk City Military Commissariate on November 15, 1939 from the position of a teacher. I served in the 724th Rifle Regiment from November 15, 1939 to December 17, 1939 and in the 201st Rifle Regiment of the 31st Rifle Division from December 17, 1939 to March 31, 1940. I was treated in hospital #1150, and from May 5, 1940 to November 10, 1940 was on vacation. I served as a private in the 857th Artillery Regiment of the 81st Mountain Rifle Division from November 10, 1940 to July 15, 1941. I was a platoon leader in the 857th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Guards Rifle Division from July 15, 1941 to March 17, 1942. I served as a platoon leader of the battery management platoon of the 27th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Guards Rifle Division from March 17, 1942 until March 11, 1943. I was the commander of the battery of the 122-mm howitzers of the 27th Artillery Regiment from March 11, 1943 to August 27, 1944. I was treated at hospital #1055 from August 27, 1944 to February 17, 1945. In the reserve of the Ural Military District - from February 1945 to May 25, 1945. In reserve since June 1945. Participated in the battles with the white Finns in 1940 on the Karelian Isthmus. I participated in the Great Patriotic War from July 1941 to January 1942 as a platoon leader on the North-Western Front near Moscow. he was the detachment's intelligence chief on the Kalinin Front from January 1942 to February 1944 and was a battery commander on the 2nd Baltic Front from February 1944 to August 1944. I began my military service a private, and ended as a Guards First Lieutenant. I was lightly wounded on the Finnish front in March 1940. I was seriously wounded in the Great Patriotic War in August 1944. I never was a prisoner of war. Decorated: Orders: - Red Star – in 1942; - Patriotic War 2nd degree – in 1943; - Patriotic War 1st degree – in 1944; Medals: - For the Defense of Moscow - in 1943; - For the Victory over Germany - in 1945; Awarded for distinction in battles by Decrees of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He became a member of the CPSU (b) in May 1942, and was accepted by the Political Department of the 8th Guards Rifle Division.”

Our father, grandfather and great-grandfather Vasily Komissarov was conscripted into the Red Army in June 1941. He served in the Kharkov Aviation School, on the basis of which the 143th Separate Aviation Squadron was formed in the first days of the war, and he was enlisted as a private. His military service began in the 18th Army on the South-Western Front. He went through Ukraine, the North Caucasus, Crimea, Byelorussia, Poland, East Prussia, and Germany. He met the Victory Day near Berlin. The photo shows him with a banner on the Reichstag Building. He was awarded medals For Military Merit, For the Defense of the Caucasus, For the Capture of Konigsberg, For the Victory over Germany. He rarely spoke about the war, but one of the most memorable memories was his story about a meeting in Krasnodon with Any Shevtsova in 1942, about the sympathy that arose between a young girl and a guy. Unfortunately, our troops then retreated and left Krasnodon. With what excitement he later learned about the heroically deceased underground fighter Lyubov Shevtsova, after reading the novel by A. Fadeev "Young Guard"! Eternal glory to the war heroes! He met our mother after the war, they lived happily together for 58 years, and had four children. He gave all his peaceful life to the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, becoming a Doctor of science, Professor, and was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. He taught students and headed the Department of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. At the same time, he was a versatile talented person: he painted in oil, wrote poetry, played the accordion perfectly, being self-taught since the war. We have photos of those days where he plays a captured instrument for the soldiers at a halt. He was able to listen, give advice, and unobtrusively share his knowledge in all areas of life. It was always interesting with him! He died on March 4, 2008. Our mother overlived him by exactly one year and also died on March 4. It was an amazing union of two people who lived in hard work, with pure thoughts, with love for each other, for children and grandchildren. For our family, he will always remain a life guide and a war hero. We love him and mom and will always remember them!

Peter was born on June 24, 1905 in the villadge of Popovka, Rossoshansky District in a peasant family. He graduated from the 4th grade of the parochial school in 1917. Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he worked as a sheepskin worker. P. Kvachev was drafted into the red Army by the Rossoshansky District Military Commissariat on October 17, 1941. He took the military oath on December 17, 1941. During the initial period of service, he was given a reprieve, as he was engaged in the evacuation of livestock from the territories occupied by the enemy, across the Don River. He served as a squad leader in the 830th Rifle Regiment of the 238th Rifle Division until December 1942, then until February 1944 in the 554th Army Mortar Regiment of the reserve of the main command. P. Kvachev participated in the Dukhovshchinsky offensive operation and in the battles for the city of Smolensk in September 1943 as part of the Central and Kalinin Fronts. During this period, joined the ranks of the CPSU (b). The mortar commander of the 3rd mortar battery Sergeant P. Kvachev during the liquidation of a fire at an ammunition depot as a result of enemy fire, demonstrated heroism, for which he was awarded the medal For Courage (#582117, 1.10.1943). In the last year of the war Sergeant Kvachev, the commander of the mortar of the 3rd battery of the 6th Heavy Mortar Brigade of the 22nd Artillery Breakthrough Division. He fought on the 1st and 2nd Belorussian Fronts, participated in a number of operations: in breaking through the heavily fortified enemy defenses on the Vistula River, South of Warsaw, in the capture of Frankfurt am Oder, in the liberation of the German cities of Schneidel, Stargard, Naugard, Polcin Gohlow, Stetin, Massow, as well as in the Berlin Offensive, as evidenced by several commendations of the Supreme Commander. P. Kvachev was awarded another military award – the 0rder of the Red Star (#1554268, 15.03.1945) in March 1945. The archive of the Ministry of Defense contains the award list, which reads: "during the liquidation of the encircled group in the area of the city of Schneidemul, P. Kvachev was the commander of a mortar. His crew worked accurately and without delay. His mortar fire destroyed 3 stone buildings with 2 cannon points and enemy personnel. When crossing the Ina River on March 1, 1945, the crew of comrade Kvachev worked to suppress firing points. During the battle, the gunner fell ill, and Kvachev took his place, and on the third shot, the enemy's machine-gun point was destroyed." Peter reached Berlin, signed on the walls of the Reichstag. The day of the Great Victory he celebrated on the territory of Germany, South of its capital. Demobilized on July 27, 1945. He was also awarded medals For the Capture of Berlin (11.05.1947) and For the Victory over Germany (19.05.1947). After returning from the front, he worked in his native village for the Rassvet Collective Farm, then as a gas station attendant at the Rossoshansky Tractor Station from November 1951. He was transferred to work for the Rodina Collective Farm in March 1958. He was dismissed on August 13, 1963 due to the onset of 2nd group of disability. P. Kvachev died on September 6, 1964, and was buried in Popovka.

My grandfather was born in the spring of 1910, on Michaelmas day, and that's he was named Mikhail. In those days, the will of parents when choosing a name was not taken into account. It should be according to the saints, so the child was called in the Church at baptism. Yes, and with the last name they would not think much – if one was born in the village of Kozlenki so he wold be Kozlov. Before the war, he lived in the city of Ostrov and worked as a blacksmith in a cooperative. He served in the Red Army from December 1939 to March 1940 - the Soviet-Finnish war. He was injured. Grandfather was called up for military training by Ostrovsky District Military Commissariat in the early spring of 1941 or even in the winter (in the archive documents there is a date from 01.01.1941), where he met the beginning of the war. From the training – immediately to the front. He started the war with the rank of Privet and finished as a Sergeant Major. Military specialty: sniper. Combat uni: 3rd battalion of the 877th Rifle Regiment of the 282nd Rifle (Tartu) Division of the 1st Schock Army, North-Western Front. He took part in the Demyansk offensive operation in April 1942. The 877th Rifle Regiment, where my grandfather served, was awarded the Revolutionary Red Banner of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in December 1942. He participated in the Staraya Russa offensive operation in March 1943. His division was recognized from May to November 1943, as the best in the 1st Schock Army of the North-Western Front in organization, discipline, combat training and combat activity. He liberated the Kalinin (Pskov) Region from the Nazi invaders in November 1943. He took part in the battles in the area of the "Nevelsky bag" in December 1943. In the battle of Nevel on January 19, 1944, my grandfather received a serious gunshot wound, which put an end to his further service. He survived by a miracle – either a lucky chance saved him, or something sent from above… Night, darkness, no-man's-land, German air bomb blasts, none of their own near… Blood gushes from the hand that was pierced through, grandfather freezes in the bitter cold, gradually losing consciousness… And suddenly, somewhere in the distance, a faint Russian speech was heard – it was the orderlies on a sledge carrying a dead General from the battlefield. The grandfather was heard, laid down next to the General's corpse, and was taken to a field hospital in an unconscious state. The only thing that my grandfather managed to say then: "I am russian...". Then - a long treatment in the rear hospital in Sverdlovsk, until July 1944. My grandfather could no longer fight – the shoulder injury was classified as severe (the right arm was almost lost). For health reasons, Sergeant Mikhail Kozlov was removed from the military register. And his fellow soldiers from the 282nd Rifle Division, liberated our hometown of Ostrov in July 1944. During the Pskov-Ostrovsky offensive operation, they broke through the Panther defense line – an impregnable defensive line of German troops created by Hitler's personal order. To build this very "Panther", the fascists dismantled the ancient Ostrovsk fortress, a military defensive structure and architectural monument, which staunchly defended the Western borders of Russia in the Middle Ages and survived many battles. The fortress was almost wiped off the face of the earth. Mikhail Kozlov knew the material part of a sniper rifle very well. Going into an ambush in the neutral zone he disabled 55 enemy soldiers (officially confirmed). He was bold, resolute, did not consider any difficulties in the conditions of battle, accurately followed the orders of commanders, as written in the archival documents. Injuries received: - blind shrapnel wound to the left foot (16.02.1943); - gunshot fracture of the right shoulder with damage to the radial nerve (19.01.1944); - two concussions. For courage and bravery in the battles with the German invaders, for the active extermination of the Nazis, my grandfather was awarded government awards: - mark the Sniper (this was the very first and most valued award of my grandfather, without a number, unfortunately, so I could not find information about it in the documents of the archive); - two medals For Military Merit (10.06.1943; 16.07.1943); - medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (09.05.1945); - Order of the Red Star (23.06.1945). Jubilee medals and order: - Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (11.03.1985); - medal 20 years of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (07.05.1965); - badge 25 Years of the Victory in the War of 1941-1945; - medal 30 Years of the ictory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (21.05.1976); - medal 40 years of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (07.05.1985); - medal 50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (25.02.1969); - two medals 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR (12.08.1978 and 05.11.1979). My grandfather's medallion is still in our possession. Tt was brought from the front as a souvenir. As a child, I thought that "black and shiny" thing was something from a Department store for storing sewing needles… My grandfather received the Order of the Red Star after the war, in June 1945. He told me that they gave it to him for being alive and spilling a lot of blood – the star was red from the blood spilled by soldiers in the war…

I prepared materials about my great-grandfather Kyrgys Sivit-Ool, veteran of the Great Patriotic War. In the book" Volunteers by Vasily Pivovarov (Kyzyl, 1990), I found only his photo and lines where it was said that he was awarded two medals For Bravery and For Military Valor. I began to wonder where and how my great-grandfather fought, what contribution to the victory he made. So I decided to find out everything about him from my relatives and neighbors who lived with him in the same village Bulun-Terek (Kyzyl-Dag) of the Chaa-Khol District of the Republic of Tyva. Based on the collected material, interviews, and newspaper articles, I created a portrait of my grandfather, followed his military and labor path. There was no photo of his younger self, since there was no camera, and his closest friend, the artist Kirtikey Omak, drew a portrait of him. Tuvan volunteer Shivit-Ool was born on September 25, 1925 in the village of Eilig-Khem of the Ulug-Khem Khoshun of the Tuva People's Republic, in the family of cattlemen. Since childhood, he was distinguished from his peers by hard work, was a lively, mischievous boy. When Sivit-Ool was ten years old, his mom died from the disease that was a terrible loss for the boy. He finished grade 6th of Shagonarskaya School #2 and was considered an educated man of the time. After finishing school, he was sent to work in the Naryn gold mine in the Erzya District. There, he showed himself on the positive side, as a good employee, so he was transferred to another higher job. The aggressive attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR on June 22, 1941, made an orphan boy, who had known deprivation and need since childhood, think abot it. He didn't need to be told about the cost of human life, that life is short. Shivit-Ool together with his peers at the age of 16 wrote an application to the Secretary of the Regional Party Committee, the head of the Republic of Tuva S. Toka to be sent to the front. S. Toka read the statement and said the following: "You're too young, and you're an orphan. In addition, good workers are required in the rear." From that time on, Shivit-Ool was thinking how to get to the front? Shivit-Ool spoke Russian very well, and was himself inquisitive. Because of the desire to get to the front, he managed to increase his age by two years. The whole country at the behest of time switched to military mode. Shivit-Ool began to prepare itself for war. He wrote an application again, and this time he was allowed to go to the front. Shivit-Ool was not only a volunteer fighter, but also a Jack of all trades, showing dexterity, skill and talent in everyday life. For whatever was taken Sivit-Ool, every deed he performs expertly, professionally. Even the war hero saw as a job that must be done efficiently and on time, because from the outcome of this work the life of compatriots and the freedom of the Motherland depend. He was strict with his comrades, resolute and sometimes reckless in battle. He went to war on September 4, 1943. He became a volunteer of the second squad of the 4th platoon of the Tuva Volunteer Squadron of Mongush Dorzhu. Participated in the liberation of cities and villages in the Rovnskaya Region. There was a war… Hard days spent in battles and marches not only hardened people, but also brought them to the point of losing their human appearance. This was expressed in months of worn clothes, in unwashed bodies for weeks, in the terrible smell of salted skin, sweat. Do not drop yourself, do not become bitter, with honor to withstand all the trials of war, to perform a feat, to remain a man… Not everyone succeeds in war. Their names are preserved in the grateful memory of generations. The years of the Great Patriotic War would never be forgotten. Sivit-Ool said about war: "War is the worst enemy, which deprives the development of all mankind". The most difficult battles for Shivit-Ool were the battles for the liberation of the brick and sugar factories in the city of Rovno. Shivit-Ool returned from the war with many wounds, was awarded the medals For Bravery and For Military Valor. After the war, he worked in his specialty as an accountant for the machine and tractor station of the village of Chaa-Khol. It seved about ten collective the area. There he met his neighbor Serenma, who worked as a nurse in the Chaa-Khol hospital. They got married and lived happily ever after. Their daughter Olga was born, today she is 56 years old. Sivit-Ool – "Honorary Citizen of Bulun-Terek". Shivit-Ool Kyrgys died on February 14, 1967, fell from a horse on the way to the village of Shanchi, and was buried in the village of Bulun-Terek (Kyzyl-Dag) of the Chaa-Khol District. He was 41 years old at the time. One of the streets of the village of Bulun-Terek was named after him. His spouse Serenma Dambaeva, lived on the street named in honor of her husband. She died in 2018. The only daughter Olga currently works as a nurse at the Chaa-Kholsky District hospital, and her grandchildren are growing up. There were articles about grandfathers in the Newspapers "Shyn" from June 21, 2005, and "Syldyschygash" from February 22, 2005 in honor of the 60th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War. On May 9, 2020, we celebrate the 75th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War. I, my family, my class, actively participated in this event, took part in various online contests and promotions. Victory Day was the dream and hope of all Soviet people, with whom they lived, fought and died on the battlefields, worked hard in the rear. Our task is to preserve the historical memory of those battles and the cost of the Great Victory. I bow low to our veterans for their exemplary courage and heroism, for a happy life, for a clear sky, for peace and quiet. The feat of the Soviet soldier will always remain for us an example of loyalty to duty and devotion to the Motherland.

Vladimir Kolomytsev was born on July 12, 1922 in Livny, Oryol Region. He entered secondary school in 1930 and graduated in 1940. In the same year, he entered the Voronezh Institute of Civil Engineering (VISI). The Institute was renamed to the Voronezh Aviation Institute in 1941. It prepared engineers in engine and aircraft construction. The Institute together with one of the military factories was evacuated to the city of Tashkent In October 1941. For students studying at the aviation Institute, a "reservation" from conscription was extended. But Vladimir Kolomytsev and other students applied to join the Red Army voluntarily. They were drafted into the army on May 23, 1942, and enrolled as cadets in the Tashkent Infantry School named after Lenin, in the training battalion of 82-mm mortars. He graduated from the school with the rank of Lieutenant, majoring as a leader of a mortar platoon. After graduating from school in December 1942, he was sent to the position of a leader of a mortar platoon of 82 mm mortars in the 54th Reserve Rifle Brigade of the Central Asian Military District. In the reserve regiment, he was engaged in training the commanders of mortar crews. He was assigned to the command of the 1st Baltic Front on February 2, 1944. He was appointed leader of a mortar platoon of 82-mm mortars of the 164th Vitebsk Red Banner Rifle Division of the 4th Shock Army of the 1st Baltic Front on February 10, 1944. He took part in the crossing of the Venta River in Latvia on November 4, 1944. During his service on the 1st Baltic Front, he participated in the fighting to defeat the encircled German group in Courland, liberated cities and towns in Lithuania and Latvia (Telschai, Siauliai, Bauska, ietsava). He ended the war in the Baltic States. The 164th Vitebsk Red bBanner Rifle Division was relocated from the Baltic States to the city of Chkalov (Orenburg) at the end of 1945. He demobilized on February 11, 1946. Awarded the Order of the Red Star and medals For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree in 1985 in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory. He died on October 17, 2005.

My great-grandfather, Yuri Filaretovich Kovalenko, was born in Alexandria village in Blagodarnensky district on January 24, 1922. After leaving seven-year-school he chose the profession of the teacher and entered Pyatigorsk pedagogical College. After graduation he worked in Kievskaya high school. Then he studied at Stavropol pedagogical Institute, and in August 1942 was drafted into the red Army. He began his service as a member of the 74th separate service company of the distribution station No. 2 of the Army of Primorie in the North Caucasus front as a squad leader of anti-aircraft machine gun platoon. In October 1942, he participated in the battles for Mozdok and Armavir. Reading his service and combat characteristics of those years, you understand that no matter what Yuri Filaretovich took on, he did everything perfectly, because the phrase "during his service he showed himself as a strong-willed, disciplined commander, demanding of himself and his subordinates" was an essential part. He passed the roads of war throughout the North Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. It was difficult everywhere, and throughout the war, he never ceased to wonder how the war was possible at all, why humanity allowed itself to be plunged into the chaos, for which people brutally killed their own kind. These questions were especially acute when Yuri Filaretovich participated in the liberation of prisoners from the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland in 1942. These were the most terrible memories that tormented him all his life. And how could you forget the warehouses, where with German accuracy piles of gold dental crowns, cut out scraps of human skin with unusual tattoos, cut off women's braids were laid out, as well as the mutilated corpses of the people of different nationalities, which the Nazis did not have time to destroy. And the torture chambers? They were, according to my father, scarier than the medieval Jesuits. The survivors were no less terrifying: they were not people, but skeletons covered by the skin… Sergeant Kovalenko was demobilized in December 1945 from Dresden, where he was awarded the order of the Great Patriotic war of the second degree for the excellent execution of his tasks of the battalion command and for the organization of the headquarters operation. In addition, my great-grandfather has many other awards - "for the defense of the Caucasus", "for the victory over Germany", as well as various commemorative medals. After demobilization, he worked as a geography teacher at Divenskaya secondary school, then moved to Petrovskoe village, where in 1947 he began his career as a Director of the school for working Youth. From 1949 till 1964, he was the head teacher of the secondary school No. 6, and from 1964 he worked as its Director. He graduated from Stavropol pedagogical Institute in absentia with the prestigious diploma. For 12 years he took a position of the Director of the eight-year school No. 2. After its reorganization, from 1978 to 1982, he had been working as the head teacher of the newly opened secondary school No. 3. He loved his profession very much, and devoted the whole his life to it. He was a mentor not only for schoolchildren, but also for the young teachers. When in 1982 the former students, who are now already established and well-established people, came from all over our vast country to congratulate him with his 60th anniversary, we were interested to know more about Yuri Filaretovich and about his wonderful human qualities. It was touching to see how already gray-haired people, who had seen a lot in their lives, bowed their heads in front of him. Many people still remember my great-grandfather with respect. His former student E. Sheremetev mentioned him with a great warmth in his book "$2000000 ransom". In addition to military awards, Yuri Filaretovich was awarded the "Excellent student of education" badge, the "Veteran of labor" medal, as well as numerous certificates. And the memory of his life will be with us, as well as with those who were lucky to meet a wonderful person - Yuri Filaretovich Kovalenko.