Children and war

Garden works on Marsovo Pole (children dig the ground for beds)

Chugunova Maria Tikhonovna (worker in the rear) was born on November 14, 1930 in the village of Shiroky Ustup, Kalinisky district. Almost every family went through the hardships of the Great Patriotic War. Even the pre-war years in the veteran's family were tragic: her mother died early, Maria Tikhonovna was only three years old. As soon as the war began, her father was called to the front. The children of the war had to grow up without parental attention and help very quickly: at the age of ten, Maria Tikhonovna had to decide much by herself. “I've worked wherever I have to. At the age of twelve she worked on a tractor trailer, later as a milkmaid. These were very difficult years, not a kid's work at all, but a demand - as from an adult. I had to work hard. There were practically no clothes and shoes ”- Maria Tikhonovna recalls with tears in her eyes.

Shamova Maria Alexandrovna. Was born on November 25, 1929 in the village of Olshanka. In 1937, she went to the Olshansk eight-year school. In 1944, she finished 7 classes. “From the radio message we learned that the war had started, the screams of women spread throughout the village. People were crying and screaming. My father was taken to the military registration and enlistment office right from the field on the first day of the war. He died in 1942 near Smolensk. Mom had three daughters left, she worked all the time on the collective farm in various jobs. We also took part in the work both in the field and in the warehouses. I had to work not only on holiday, I was released from school to help during sowing and harvesting. What kind of work did the schoolchildren take part in? We created guard posts for bread protection, carried out raids on readiness checks on collective farms for field work, collected ears, fertilizers, cut the tops of potato tubers for planting, looked after young growth on livestock farms, made shields for snow retention. The main rear occupation for children and adults during the war years was labour, hard and painstaking, which made it possible to provide those living in the rear with some kind of food and provide all possible assistance to the front. In the beginning, women and children had to learn to do everything without men, with their own hands. All those women and children managed to survive ”- says Maria Alexandrovna.

The car ZIS-5В tows a 37-mm anti-aircraft gun. Battle of Kursk. Belgorod direction.

Ivan Afanasyevich Zavtrikov was born on May 25, 1939, in the village of Drazhnya, Svetlogorsk District, Gomel Region, Byelorussian SSR. During the Great Patriotic War, as a child, Ivan Zavtrikov ended up in the Nazi concentration camp "Ozarichi". From the memoirs of Ivan Afanasyevich: “The war, the Nazi concentration camp, liberation, refugee and the subsequent events of my life were reflected in my memory in separate fragments - and as I grew older, subsequent events became more complete and concise. At first the Germans drove us around and locked us in a barn, apparently were ready to burn us. But then for some reason the barn opened, everyone was pushed out into the street and chased somewhere. Nobody knew where. Along the way, those who fell from exhaustion and could not get up were shot. We ended up in a concentration camp, which was located on an island in the Pinsk swamps (Belarus). Logs were laid for the passage to this island. Those who stumbled and fell into the quagmire could not get out. Those who tried to help were shot ... The liberation of the prisoners of the Ozarichi concentration camp took place after the start of Operation Bagration - the operation to liberate Belarus.

Alexey Afanasyevich Kekalo was born on November 30, 1931 in the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar territory in the village of Petrovskaya. Mother Kekalo (Lakiza) Maria Andreyevna-Kuban Cossack, father Kekalo Afanasy Sergeevich worked in the blacksmith shop of the Stalingrad tractor plant during the war. The family had five children. In 1937, together with his family, he moved from Slavyansk-on-Kuban to Stalingrad. In 1941, the war began. Alexey Afanasyevich was 12 years old, he, like many children, was taken to the factory to work. From July 4, 1944, he worked in the blacksmith shop of the Stalingrad tractor plant, testing pumps for tanks. I was very tired, so I slept near the machine, because I didn't have the strength to go home. The children didn't finish their meal. From food, they gave a little bread for the whole working day, and worked for 12 hours. He lived with his parents in a dugout. The city was rebuilt from the ruins for many years. In 1950, my grandfather was drafted into the army and served on Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands. In 1954, he was demobilized and worked on the construction of the Volga hydroelectric power station. Participated in the construction of Mamayev Kurgan. While working, he studied at the music school in Stalingrad. In 1955, he married. Since 1960, he worked as a music teacher at the school. Created in Volgograd an orchestra of folk instruments, a boys ' choir of 100 people. He performed to the accompaniment of the Bayan orchestra. He was a Director and conductor. In 1996, he moved with his family to a permanent place of residence in Slavyansk-on-Kuban. Before retiring, he worked as a music teacher at school No. 8. Even in retirement, he loved to play the accordion and was engaged in growing grapes. Labor veteran. He died at his home on January 14, 2011, at the age of 79. From The "book of Memory" collected by students of the MBOU Lyceum No. 4 in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, as part of the "Blue handkerchief", "My countrymen – heroes of the Russian Land" campaign for the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory.

Grigory Ivanovich Berg (23.08.1927-28.12.2002). Grigory Ivanovich Berg was born on August 23, 1927 in the village of Biyuk-Oi of the Dzhankoy district of the Crimean ASSR. During the war, his entire family of 7 people was moved from the Crimea to a great many different regions of the country. Grigory Ivanovich was sent to a special settlement in the Rostov region, then in 1943 he was mobilized into the labor army in the Kemerovo region. It was difficult for a sixteen-year-old boy to get a good job. That is why Grigory Ivanovich had to "improve" his documents, adding 3 more years to his real age. And thanks to that idea, on November 22, 1943, he was accepted to the position of a miner at "Kuznetskshakhstroy". He worked as much as adults did, experienced all the hardships of a wartime, and even more than that - he was registered by the local authorities as a "German". On December 1st, 1945, he got position of a sinker. He received his work record after the war, in 1948. And like others during that hard time, he worked not only in the slaughterhouse, but also in the collective farm fields, taking active part in sowing and harvesting. Working on mine, rented a room in the house Inhanoi Olga Filimonova. They became close friends living through the difficult war years together, and in 1948 they officially married. Olga at that time already had three children, two daughters and a son, from her first husband, who parished during the war. In 1950, the couple had two daughters, Svetlana and Nina. Grigory Ivanovich and Olga Filimonovna were married for 48 years, and were living together for more than 50 years. Grigory Ivanovich raised two of his daughters as well as two daughters and one non-native son. He treated everyone just the same. The time was like this. Through all the years of this job Grigory Ivanovich was inextricably connected with the mining business, only the names of the mines changed. He retired in December of 1993, having earned the title of "Honorary miner" by that time. During all his career he was repeatedly awarded with diplomas, letters of gratitude, valuable gifts, including the sign "miner's Glory" three degrees, the medal "For valiant labour in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945", medal "Veteran of labour", order "Red banner of Labour". Also important to mention the title he was awarded with - "Shock worker of the communist labor". At his free time from working at the mine, Grigory Ivanovich was engaged in household. In 1954, he completed construction of a house for his large family, which made it possible to have large vegetable garden as well as the posession of various cattle in order to feed a rather large family. Even after retiring, he could not sit idle and always worked at home and actively helped the children around the house. On December 28, 2002, Grigory Ivanovich passed away at the age of 75.

When the Great Patriotic War began, Bazhenova Rufina Nikolaevna was 12 years old. In their trans-Ural village Krysie, Makushinsky district, Kurgan region, a hospital was organized. And for the children of the wartime, the hospital became a favorite place. Boys and girls used to go there. They read poetry, sang, even danced, showed who could do something. It was a holiday for the wounded when the children came. They asked the children about everything, they themselves told a lot, argued among themselves about how to hit the fascists in order to smash them with one blow. Children grew up early in wartime. And my grandmother not only raised the morale of the wounded soldiers, but also helped the medical workers, washed bloody bandages, dried them, rolled them into a roller. The household also fell on the shoulders of the teenagers, they bought bread, kerosene, and other meager goods by ration cards, cooked a meager dinner from sorrel, nettle, plantain, spiced with a pinch of cereal . Hosted while adults were at work and came home after dark. In summer it was easier, in summer you can find food everywhere, pick mushrooms, berries, fish on the lake. Bread, most often baked with grass, from quinoa and clover. They collected the grass ahead of time, dried it in bunches in the entryway on perches, then dried it in the oven, spreading a canopy, pounded the grass in a mortar - dust rose. This dust was grass flour. It was shaken off the canvas and black cakes were baked interspersed with the remnants of rye flour. My grandmother was the eldest in the family, so she also took care of the younger brothers. Her mother, Maria Grigorievna Bazhenova, my great-grandmother worked on a collective farm, my father, my great-grandfather, Nikolai Ivanovich Bazhenov, went to the front in the first months of the war. At first he wrote letters from the training school, and then from the front, served in p / p 2143, was wounded, but after the hospital he was back in operation. In the village, during the war, there was one person who was the most desirable and at the same time the most unwanted for everyone. This is the postman. They expected letters from her, expected news, which she learned in the village council and in the mail. The soldiers' letters were without envelopes, in the form of triangles, but these were the most dear news to the heart. Several of these soldiers' triangles, which have turned yellow from time to time, are carefully kept by my grandmother. It is a living testimony of that time, written in pencil lines: “How are you living? I'm fine, little has been written about military affairs, more and more questions about the life of the family. But the postman could also bring sad news. Death notice is a terrible word. They were not expected. And they were waiting for the soldiers' letters. Dated in February 1943, the sad news of the "missing" private soldier Bazhenov N.I. was the last mention of the combat path of my great-grandfather. Presumably, he died in the battles near Rzhev, it was from there that the last letters were sent. Information about my great-grandfather, Nikolai Ivanovich, I also found on the "Memory of the People" portal. Battle of Rzhev 1941-1943 - the bloodiest battle in the history of mankind. And the most hushed up by historians. On the Rzhevsky bridgehead there were 2/3 divisions of the "Center" army for the attack on Moscow. The losses of Soviet troops in the battles near Rzhev amounted to more than 2 million people, twice the losses in the Battle of Stalingrad. The 29th Army was killed in the forests near Rzhev. The city itself has been turned into a lunar landscape. Only 248 people survived of the city's 40,000 population. After a fierce 15-month battle, Rzhev was never taken - the Germans themselves withdrew to prepared positions. War is a terrible word, there should never be war again. I want to live in peace. And so that everyone on our land live peacefully. We must keep the peace and be proud of our ancestors who gave it to us. My grandmother is a home front worker, she has jubilee awards in connection with the celebration of the Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. I hope that we will preserve her stories about the war childhood and the post-war period of our history, passing it on to each other. The only thing that we can and should do today is to preserve the memory of both the military and labor affairs of our ancestors. The household also fell on the shoulders of the teenagers, they bought bread, kerosene, and other meager goods by ration cards, cooked a meager dinner from sorrel, nettle, plantain, spiced with a pinch of cereal . Hosted while adults were at work and came home after dark. In summer it was easier, in summer you can find food everywhere, pick mushrooms, berries, fish on the lake. Bread, most often baked with grass, from quinoa and clover. They collected the grass ahead of time, dried it in bunches in the entryway on perches, then dried it in the oven, spreading a canopy, pounded the grass in a mortar - dust rose. This dust was grass flour. It was shaken off the canvas and black cakes were baked interspersed with the remnants of rye flour. My grandmother was the eldest in the family, so she also took care of the younger brothers. Her mother, Maria Grigorievna Bazhenova, my great-grandmother worked on a collective farm, my father, my great-grandfather, Nikolai Ivanovich Bazhenov, went to the front in the first months of the war. At first he wrote letters from the training school, and then from the front, served in p / p 2143, was wounded, but after the hospital he was back in operation.In the village, during the war, there was one person who was the most desirable and at the same time the most unwanted for everyone. This is the postman. They expected letters from her, expected news, which she learned in the village council and in the mail. The soldiers' letters were without envelopes, in the form of triangles, but these were the most dear news to the heart. Several of these soldiers' triangles, which have turned yellow from time to time, are carefully kept by my grandmother. It is a living testimony of that time, written in pencil lines: “How are you living? I'm fine, "little has been written about military affairs, more and more questions about the life of the family. But the postman could also bring sad news. Funeral is a terrible word. They were not expected. And they were waiting for the soldiers' letters. Dated in February 1943, the sad news of the "missing" private soldier Bazhenov N.I. was the last mention of the combat path of my great-grandfather. Presumably, he died in the battles near Rzhev, it was from there that the last letters were sent. Information about my great-grandfather, Nikolai Ivanovich, I also found on the "Memory of the People" portal. Battle of Rzhev 1941-1943 - the bloodiest battle in the history of mankind. And the most hushed up by historians. On the Rzhevsky bridgehead there were 2/3 divisions of the "Center" army for the attack on Moscow. The losses of Soviet troops in the battles near Rzhev amounted to more than 2 million people, twice the losses in the Battle of Stalingrad. The 29th Army was killed in the forests near Rzhev. The city itself has been turned into a lunar landscape. Only 248 people survived of the city's 40,000 population. After a fierce 15-month battle, Rzhev was never taken - the Germans themselves withdrew to prepared positions. War is a terrible word, there should never be war again. I want to live in peace. And so that everyone on our land live peacefully. We must keep the peace and be proud of our ancestors who gave it to us. My grandmother is a home front worker, she has jubilee awards in connection with the celebration of the Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. I hope that we will preserve her stories about the war childhood and the post-war period of our history, passing it on to each other. The only thing that we can and should do today is to preserve the memory of both the military and labor affairs of our ancestors.

Antonina Aleksandrovna Selivyorstova (nee Knyazeva) was born on July 19, 1927 in the village of Kadat, Sharypovskaya Volost, Berezovsky District, Achinsk District, Siberian Territory (now part of the Sharypovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Territory is flooded by the reservoir of Berezovskaya GRES) She was the granddaughter of a village teacher and the daughter of a peasant Knyazev Alexander Vasilyevich. The father died early, the mother had three more small children - and Tonya lived with her aunt in Sharypovo, graduated from the "seven-year" school and began to work from the age of fifteen. It was a military year 1942. The years of adolescence fell on difficult war years, they worked on an equal basis with adults - and no one considered adolescents to be children. During the war they worked half-dressed and hungry: "everything for the front, everything for Victory." They drove cattle on foot to Achinsk to the meat processing plant, as Antonina Aleksandrovna told her children - they drove cattle in late autumn, in cold, slushy weather. We spent the night in the villages, having dried up and rested a little, walked on - this is how they forged Victory in the rear. Then she got a job in a seed laboratory, it was easier to work there, but she also had to walk a lot in the fields - they got to the collective farms on horseback, or even on foot. During the war, everyone went hungry - and work in the seed laboratory saved Tonya, because there it was possible to cook porridge from the already tested grain. Memories of Victory Day were bright - she said that everyone ran out into the street, hugged, rejoiced and cried. For her conscientious work during the war, Knyazeva Antonina Aleksandrovna was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", on the basis of this she was later awarded the title of veteran of the Great Patriotic War (St. No. 2553182, series BB). For many years, Antonina Aleksandrovna worked in the Sharypov communication center: first as a postman, and then as a telegraph operator - from there she retired. She was awarded the title of "Labor Veteran" of the Russian Federation. Antonina Aleksandrovna lived her life with dignity - she raised two daughters, worked all her life at work and at home. She lived for 78 years. We are proud of our great-grandmother!

I was born in February 1940 in Leningrad. My name is Nina Salnikova. In the summer of 1940, my family and I were in Volodarka, with Leni's grandfather and Lyuba's grandmother. My grandfather lived in his own house and worked in a copper smelter plant. A terrible war began. My sister and I were very young and did not feel all the fear. According to my mother's stories, my father came on leave at the end of August and warned that the war would be long, we shouldn't stay here - we need to go to Leningrad. Mom, Salnikova Lyudmila, packed up and took our things to the city, and on the second call she took my sister and me on a tram. It turned out that it was too late, Ligovo was captured by the Germans. We learned about the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad. I had to go back. The winters in Leningrad turned out to be harsh, according to my mother, in 1942 the thermometer dropped to 43 degrees. Our area was heavily bombed, we hid in the cellar. Our family did not stock up on food. A terrible famine began. Mom gradually exchanged watches, gold, rings and earrings for food, everything in the house, just to feed us. My grandfather had a dog, in the winter of 1942, I had to kill her in order to survive ... Once, taking my sister Olga and me on a sleigh, my mother knocked down from hunger and thought that we would not survive, lay in the snow, counting the time to death ... We were saved by a completely unfamiliar man, running up to us he shouted: “Young! She's crazy to die! " He transplanted my sister and me into his wagon train and took us to warm up in his house. He saved us, warmed and fed us. Wrapping the fish, he said to his mother, “Hide! Don't give it to anyone! Feed the children little by little, eat it yourself! Tears welling up in my mother's eyes. Even in such a situation, people remained human. We Survived. And we SURVIVED! On the morning of January 15, 1944, the Germans, under the threat of weapons, gathered all the residents of Volodarka, and distributed them into two camps, the elderly in one direction, women and children in the other. It turned out that there was a two-story building near the station, it was there that the old people were herded and burned alive. There, at the age of 65, grandfather Lenya died. Persecution began ... and we went to die in the camps. In April 1944, we reached Lithuania. In July 1944 they ended up in Poland. By chance, we ended up in Auschwitz, a train full of crowded people stopped near the camp, I remember the bright light of a searchlight .. all things were taken away, we could hear "Dizenfection" in German-Russian, we did not have time to jump off the carriage. The Germans lined up in two rows, we did not understand what was happening ... Mom was crying, she understood, we were being led to die. My family and I did not get into the workers' party. The smell ... the smell of death was felt that night, black smoke and a long line. “Everything will be fine,” “now we’ll go to bed,” my mother and my sister reassured me. A miracle happened, an unfamiliar French prisoner from the camp service team, seeing us, pulled us out of the line and pushed us into the party of workers, thereby saving us from death. Mom, being with us in the camp, tried to find this woman, it turned out that she was burned in the crematorium ... We have passed many roads, we have been in different places, we do not even know how many death camps we have passed, but we survived. Liberation came in Frankfurt am Main on March 25, 1945. In May 1945, we were provided with a two-story white house, with a large staircase and a white piano on the second floor, I remember a lot of dolls and toys, for us it was paradise. After settling in, Russian soldiers brought in a huge jar of condensed milk. At night, while everyone was asleep, I took the largest spoon in the house and began to eat, in huge portions, but when she heard, my mother said "Nina, you can't do that much, Nina,you will die!" A few days later, my mother decided to return to Leningrad, the soldiers said, "Don't do this, stay here, there is nothing there, there is hunger." The family decided to return home to their homeland. At the station, my mother, leaving my sister and me on our suitcases, went to ask about the train ... at that moment, a complete stranger, threw us off our suitcases and took all our things with toys ... But we were not offended - we went home ... In June 1945 we were already in Leningrad, our family helped to rebuild the city after a terrible war. We survived ... it's scary to imagine that there are more than 13 camps behind us ...

History:_x000D_ Memories of Valentina Moscova (Prikhodko). Born on April 9, 1931, in Stalingrad. Lived at Railway Street, #5. Our street was not far from the crossing station Elshanka._x000D_ It was August 1942. Books and a briefcase were already bought (brand new). I had to go to study in the 4th grade. But more and more often the air-raid sirens were blaring. And in September, we didn't get out of the bomb shelter. The Germans bombed every day. The Kuibyshev plant was on fire. At the Yelshanka station, trucks with grain and refugees were on fire. The smoke made it dark and smelled of burnt grain and corpses._x000D_ One day our military came to our street in trucks with guns behind them. They put them along the houses and masked them with branches. On this day, it was quiet and it was no bombing. But the whole evening the plane, which was called a "frame" was flying overhead. It photographed everything. And early in the morning they began to bomb so that nothing remained of this artillery battery._x000D_ The soldiers were either wounded or killed. The houses of our street were on fire. It was very scary. We run across the railway track of the Kuibyshev factory, whose territory was pitted with trenches that connected one bomb shelter to another. We jumped into these trenches, and there were our signalmen. They jumped out to meet us with machine guns, they thought we were Germans. They asked us: "Are there any Germans on the streets?" We said no, but our houses are on fire and we are running from the fire._x000D_ When all was quiet, we returned to our trench. And in the morning, the Germans were riding motorcycles through the Yelshansky crossing, there were a lot of them, and there was a strong crash. I saw it for the first time. Although the autumn of 1942 was warm, it was cold to stay in the trench, so we went to my grandmother's house on 13 Armyanskaya Street. We were thinking of spending the winter there. But the Germans drove us out of the house, and everyone, including us, was driven to Kalach._x000D_ We reached Tishanka (the village of Maxim Gorky), went to a house that was empty, and stayed there for the winter. The winter was very cold. We almost never left the house, it was good that there was a pond nearby, from which we carried water, and in the attic we found dung, which was used to heat the stove. At night, you could hear "Hooray!" And we were waiting for our soldiers to come. The front line was getting closer and closer every day. Already it was scary to be in the house, and we went down to the basement._x000D_ Ours, advancing, fired from "Katyusha". This is a very scary sight when flying fire horns over their heads. And once there was such a strong battle, right in the village itself. The wall of our hut had been torn away by the explosions of shells, and we were afraid it would block us in a basement. Then all was quiet, and we crawled out from under the floor. Suddenly there was a knock on the door, and the Germans, who were in the hut and locked the door, suddenly rushed to the basement. And my mother and aunt Anya rushed to open the door. We hear them scream: "Dear ones, we have finally waited for You..."_x000D_ Then we, all who were in the hut, ran out into the street. The Germans were captured and taken away. It was night, but the rockets made it light outside. People from all over the village hugged each other with tears in their eyes that they had lived to be released._x000D_ Siberians liberated us. Such strong guys, real heroes! Dressed in white fur coats, with earflaps and felt boots. The battalion commander ordered the soldiers to feed us, first of all children. They brought from the kitchen a bucket of dumplings with meat and potatoes, four loaves of white bread, and gave the children a large lump of sugar. The next day we returned to my grandmother's house on Armenian Street._x000D_ This is how the unforgettable day of liberation came for us – February 2, 1943._x000D_ I do not specify the dates or days of the week, as I did not keep a diary, I did not know at the time that this was necessary. We looked death in the eye every day. I can't believe we're still alive. And while I was writing these memoirs, I stirred up my memory, so I don't sleep for a week and take blood pressure pills to calm my nerves._x000D_ 18.02. 2002, V. Moskova

Savina Evgeniya (Zhenya) Nikolaevna_x000D_ _x000D_ My wife Zhenya was 9 years old when the Great Patriotic War began. Her parents urgently took her and her younger brother Borya from a children's summer camp at the end of June 1941. Father Nikolai was drafted into the army, and Zhenya with her mother and brother remained in Leningrad. The war reached Leningrad, German troops sieged the city. Zhenya and Borya's mother taught music and piano, but when the war broke out, she went to work in a defense factory. During the day, she worked at the factory, and in the evening, together with Zhenya and Borya, she went to the roof of the house and extinguished incendiary bombs that the fascists dropped from planes on residential buildings. The children helped their mother by carrying sand from the yard to the roof in buckets. The famine began in Leningrad, the ration was offered by food stamps. In January, a funeral was held for their father, who was killed in the fighting on the Pulkovo heights near Leningrad. My mother was grieving, but had to take care of children. Ration cards were issued for a decade(10 days) and had to be cut into days, but Zhenya's mother forgot to do this in her grief. When she was standing in line at the store, the candle went out at the checkout, and in the dark, my mother did not notice how all her food stamps were stolen. Zhenya, her brother and mother were going to starve. _x000D_ They were offered to be urgently evacuated along Ladoga, the famous Road of Life. The family was driving in the back of a truck on the ice of lake Ladoga, and people sitting next to them were starving on the road. Children saw how cars that were driving alongside, along with people, fall through the ice. It was very scary. Then they were put on a train successfully, but in Vologda, their mother died of dystrophy. Zhenya and Borya were sent to a children's distribution center. Zhenya wrote a letter to her aunt in Kazakhstan. Across the entire war-torn country, a letter written in a child's handwriting reached its recipient. _x000D_ My aunt came to pick them up, but the workers at the children's distribution center warned her that the children were in the last stage of dystrophy, that they would not reach Kazakhstan and would die on the way. But my aunt did everything to save them. She gave starving children only a tablespoon of milk and half a potato, and gradually increased the amount of food so that their exhausted bodies could properly digest food. After the war ended, Zhenya, Borya and their aunt returned to Leningrad. Before the war, the family lived in a separate three-room apartment, but when houses were destroyed by bombing during the war, people had to move in to empty apartments that were not destroyed. So in the apartment there were neighbors. Of the three rooms, only one remained. But they were alive and happy that the war was over. My wife never forgot the horrors of war for the rest of her life.

Durakov Ivan Grigoryevich_x000D_ _x000D_ Our great-grandfather, Ivan Grigoryevich Durakov, was born on June 25, 1927, in the village of Chernaya Kurya, Altai territory, and died on November 14, 1995 in Moscow. The Altai territory is located in the South of Western Siberia. And then moved to the state farm "Sibiryak" in Novosibirsk. On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany attacked our country and the Great Patriotic war began. Great-grandfather Vanya was then 13 years old, he studied at school. The elder brother, great-grandfather of Vanya, Peter, immediately went to the front, in 1942 he went missing. Great-grandfather Vanya searched for his brother for many years. In 1944, great-grandfather Vanya was 17 years old, he was drafted into the army and sent to study as an aircraft mechanic in Abakan. This is a very important military profession. The aircraft mechanic makes sure that the engine of the aircraft works well, the life of the pilot depends on it. And if the plane was damaged in battle, the aircraft mechanic must quickly repair it. In the spring of 1945, great-grandfather Vanya was sent to a military unit in Germany. He served in the army for 8 and a half years. And great-grandfather Vanya served for so long because so many people died during the war. It was necessary to wait until the young aircraft mechanics grew up and learned. Siberians occupy a special place in the battles and battles of the great Patriotic war. About Siberia in Hitler's geography textbook for 1942 wrote: "Siberia is a cold and desolate land where semi-wild creatures of various mixed races live." Many peoples live in Siberia: Russians, Yakuts, Buryats, Khakas, Nenets, evens, Chukchi, Shors, Khanty, Mansi, Nanai, Koryaks, Altaians, Tuvans, Itelmen, Yukagirs, Nivkhs, Dolgans, Teleuts, Siberian Tatars, Selkups, all Siberian peoples fought against fascism. Siberian soldiers fought with the hated enemy near Moscow and on the Volga, defended Leningrad, crossed the Dnieper, participated in the liberation of Ukraine and the Baltic States, stormed Berlin, and helped many European peoples free themselves from the Nazis. After the victory of our troops at Moscow and until the very end of the war all German headquarters said: "Where the Siberians are, there is victory!" and they were afraid of the Siberians. The movement of the Siberian units was carefully monitored by enemy intelligence.

Alexander Artemyevich Dmitruk_x000D_ My grandfather, Alexander artemyevich Dmitryuk was born on December 27, 1927 in the village of Nikolaevka in the miyakinsky district of the Bashkir ASSR, in a poor peasant family. His father, Artemy Ivanovich Dmitryuk, went to the front as a volunteer (in 1941) and died in the spring of 42 in the battles of the Rzhev-Vyazma operation. My grandfather, then in the 41st, was only 14 years old, he remained the oldest child in the family, because in the same year, his older sister (Maria artemyevna Dmitryuk) died of a heart attack, at that time she was 16 years old. For my great-grandmother, it was a double blow. To take my husband to the front and survive my child - a grief that I had no one to share, which I had to somehow survive, because there were still four children left, the youngest was 3 years old. And then, still young Sasha remained the only support and support for his mother. On his strong but still boyish shoulders lay all the men's work. During these difficult years for everyone, he worked on a collective farm along with adults and was a foreman of a field team, helped at home, looked after his younger brother and two little sisters. But in 1944, when my grandfather was only 17 years old, and 18 was supposed to be in December of the same year, my mother saw off the second man from her family to the front. They sent him first to the rifle troops, to the mountain rifle division of the red army, then served in the signal forces, so in 1945 he reached Berlin and there, met Victory! He remained in Berlin and served in the gsvg (group of Soviet troops in Germany) from 1945 to 1956. In 1956, he retired to the reserve and returned To his homeland, to the USSR, home to his relatives. In our family, there is only one funeral from the front, for our great-grandfather, whom we cherish, and we will always remember this man who gave his life for a bright sky above his head! I reprinted information about his biography from the documents found at the moment, where my grandfather worked. (I posted a photo of the document in the photo album). On August 28, 1994, the former personal pensioner of the Russian Federation, a veteran of the great Patriotic war and labor, Alexander artemyevich Dmitryuk, died suddenly at the age of 67. Dmitryuk was born on December 27, 1927 in the village of Nikolaevka, miyakinsky district, in a poor peasant family. He began his career after graduating from the Petropavlovsk seven-year school in 1942 as a foreman of a field team. In 1944-1956, he served in the Soviet army and participated in the great Patriotic war.In 1956-1962, he worked as a foreman of the complex brigade, then after completing the course-as an accountant of the collective farm "50 years of October". In 1962, in the direction of the Bureau of the miyakinsky RK of the CPSU, he was elected Secretary of the party Bureau, and in 1963-Chairman of the collective farm "New world", where he worked until 1976.In 1976, he was elected Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Nikolaev village Council and worked in this position until retirement due to age in 1988. For labor and military merits, A. A. Dmitryuk was awarded the order of the red banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor and seven medals. He was repeatedly elected a member of the district Committee of the CPSU, a Deputy of the district and village Councils.It is with a sense of deep sorrow that we say goodbye to dear A. A. Dmytryuk and keep the bright memory of a wonderful leader, a kind, sympathetic person.

Rogozin Oleg Konstantinovich_x000D_ _x000D_ Born on October 31, 1929 in Moscow. Father - aeronautical engineer, associate Professor MAI Konstantin Rogozin (during the war were sent to Leningrad the chief engineer on the restoration of the battleship "Marat" in German air RAID ran aground, but continued despite the attacks of the Nazis to cover the approaches to the besieged city of their main gauges). Mother-hereditary Smolensk noblewoman Natalia Borisovna Mitkevich-Zholtok. Rogozin in 1943, at the age of 14, ran away to the front and was accepted for military service as a cabin boy in the 9th detachment of the special purpose underwater work Expedition (9th EPRON detachment) The Dnieper flotilla. Participated in the operation to liberate the city of Smolensk in 1943. His unit was engaged in lifting and clearing the Dnieper forvator from the flooded during its crossing of the river of military equipment and mine clearance. Due to a serious infectious disease, he was sent to a hospital in Moscow, and then returned to his family. Here is what Oleg Konstantinovich remembered about it: "There, in Smolensk, I felt the "smell of war", its devastating and merciless consequences and realized that only military force and the great spirit of patriotism of the entire people can resist its horrors and destruction. It is these truths of human existence that the Great Patriotic war taught our generation." After discharge from the hospital, from 1943 to 1947, he worked as a mechanic at the plant No. 339 of the people's Commissariat of aviation industry. Combining work with study, he graduated from the evening school of working youth. In 1947, he got a job as a mechanic for precision instruments At the Institute of automation under the all-Union Council of scientific and engineering societies in the Department headed by G. N. Babkin, the future Chief designer of the Lavochkin design Bureau. At the same time, the world-famous S. p. Korolev, V. N. Chelomey, and S. A. Lebedev worked at the Institute. After graduating from the Third Moscow Aero club, he entered the first Orenburg Chkalov military aviation school. There, cadet pilot Oleg Rogozin meets his future wife, Tamara. They lived happily together for 53 years. At the O. K. school Rogozin qualified as a military ground-attack pilot and, as a sign of encouragement for excellent results, was left at the School as an instructor pilot. In 1954, he entered the Zhukovsky Air force engineering Academy. After graduating with honors in 1959, he was appointed a military representative to the plant No. 500 of the USSR Ministry of aviation Industry (now the Moscow machine-building enterprise named after V. V. Chernyshev, UEC). Since 1961-military representative, senior military representative in the Tushino engine-building Bureau "Soyuz". In 1971, Oleg Konstantinovich was appointed Deputy head of the Department of experimental construction and serial orders of the Central office of the air force of the Ministry of defense of the USSR. Military representatives supervised the development and production of aircraft samples, as well as various components of aircraft, including the su-24, MiG-23M, Il-76, su-27, MiG-29, MiG-31, Tu-160, an-124, su-25, Ka-25. In 1974, O. K. Rogozin was appointed first Deputy head Of the Department of experimental construction and serial orders of the Air force, responsible for organizing new developments in aviation technology and monitoring the progress of their implementation. From 1975 to 1982, he was the head of this Department. From 1982 to 1990, he headed the Department of advanced research and weapons programs of the armament Service of the USSR Ministry of defense. First Deputy chief of armament of the USSR Ministry of defense, Chairman of the Interdepartmental scientific coordination Council under The state Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues (MIC USSR). A prominent organizer of the Soviet Union's military industry, and a developer of modern weapons theory. After serving in the armed forces of the USSR for more than 40 years, after retiring in 1990, doctor of technical Sciences, Professor, retired Lieutenant General O. K. Rogozin joined the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Russia) as a leading researcher. He devoted his scientific works to the theory of deterring external aggression, preserving the scientific and technical Foundation for the future revival of the Russian military-industrial complex. Winner of the state prize of the USSR, holder of the orders of Lenin, the October revolution, and the red banner of Labor. He died after a serious illness on March 24, 2010. In the Orenburg cadet school, located in the building of the former flight school, a training class is named after military pilot Oleg Konstantinovich Rogozin.