Home front during the war

The story of Tamara Alekseevna Gerasimova, the invalid of I group on sight, Kineshma member of the local organization of all-Russian blind society: "I was born in 1938 in Sladkovo village, Nebilovsky district, Vladimir region. In 1941, the war began. My father, Alexey Nikolaevich Agafanov, went to the front. My mother had three of us: me and two brothers. Sometimes German planes flew in the sky at night. They said they were going to Moscow. My mother wrapped me in a blanket and carried me to the bomb shelter, which was located next to the house - in the basement of the Church. I looked out of the blanket with one eye and saw a tiny plane in the sky, flying very high and humming terribly. My mother worked all day in the kolkhoz. Leaving for work, she gave a task for each of us: to sweep the floor, to saw wood, who to bring water. That was how our life flowed every day. And every day we waited for a letter from the front. When famine began, we ate only potatoes, which we grew in our garden. But it was enough only for winter, in the spring we lived half-starved - there were no potatoes, morу so, bread. We went to the kolkhoz field, looking for rotten potatoes left after the winter. Then my mother baked pancakes from it, we called them nausea, because they were not tasty at all, but there was no other food. If you want to eat, we go to the meadow, pick pipes and eat. I always wanted to eat. One day we received a notification from the front, which reported the death of our father. My mother became weak and often ill. We tried to help her as much as we could. In 1943, my brother Alexander was taken to Red Army. Later, in the end of the war, we a funeral letter about my brother, who died liberating Warsaw. Brother Afanasy was drafted into Red Army in the end of 1944. He will end the war in Berlin. Afanasy will serve in Germany for 7 years. I finished high school in 1956. I started to lose my eyesight abruptly, and received II group of disability. I have lived in Kineshma since 1960. I worked at the educational and production enterprise VOS (All-Soviet Blind Society), engaged in Amateur art. I am a VOS veteran, my work experience is 45 years. I am already 81 years old, but I am an active reader of Kineshma branch # 1. I try to attend events and libraries in Kineshem local organization VOS. Shell I Remember the war? Or maybe it is necessary to remember the war more often? So that our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren know what war is. It's hard to believe how we could survive these difficult years!»

Fyodor Ivanovich came to Asbest in 1933. He got a job as a foundry worker at the mechanical plant of the Soyuzasbest trust. After finishing a collage in 1935 with foundry-molder profession, he was appointed to master of the foundry, then he was appointed to be the head in 1935. A month before the war, he finished the foundry faculty's advanced training course "Modern technological processes in foundry production". The evacuated plant urgently needed equipment. New railcars were quickly built, the shop was expanded and orders from evacuated defense enterprises were fulfilled, and then the task was received to cast armored antitank shell casings. There were only women and girls in the shop. They worked as befits on the frontline. During all years of the war, workers at the plant worked 12-16 hours without days off nor vacations. The standards were met by 150-200 percent. The people's Commissariat of building materials industry of the USSR in 1942 awarded distinguished workers and technical officers "high achiever of socialist competition Parkostroyeniya of the USSR" for the successful fulfillment of special tasks on production of defence products and preaperation of spaces for placement of special-purpose products, active participation in socialist competition. Four Of 18 factory workers were from the foundry, including the head of the iron foundry, Fyodor Ivanovich Gorbunov. In 1943, Bessemer steel was first produced at the mechanical plant. The plant was awarded the Banner of the State Defense Committee for producing of products for the front. It is left for eternal storage in the collective of "Southcrest". After the end of the war, the restoration of destroyed cities and villages began. The trust "Southcrest" took part in it as well. The asbestos industry quickly began to develop. The country needed technically competent people. In 1952, Fyodor Ivanovich was seconded to the Asbestos mining technical school to study. In March 1954, the mining technician was accepted as the shift Manager of the crushing and sorting complex of factory No. 5. In 1955, the factory produced its first products. In 1955 Fedor Ivanovich Gorbunov was awarded by the sign of "excellent person of socialist competition of the Ministry of construction materials” for the successful completion of tasks on construction enterprises of the asbestos industry of the trust "Southcrest"". In 1956, he retrired, but he was in touch with the plant, being a member of the party, and actively participated in public life of the Veterans ' Council.

The flames of war blazed for 1418 days and nights. The victory achieved by the Soviet people was won by the combined efforts of the Armed Forces, the workers' rear, the peasantry and the intelligentsia. For the first time the Nazis were stopped near Moscow, the Nazis for the first time were forced to turn back their main forces. The victory at Moscow opened the beginning of a radical turning point in the war. This victory thwarted Hitler's plan for a "blitzkrieg" and dispelled the myth of the invincible German fascist army. During the war years Moscow was the center of the anti-fascist struggle, the standard of courage, heroism and courage. In the Moscow direction, the invaders rallied their main efforts, trying to capture and destroy the Soviet capital along with its population as soon as possible. The fight against fascism was intense and difficult. The inhabitants of Moscow and the Moscow region did not lose heart, did not bow their heads before a strong and insidious enemy. They rallied closely and bravely endured all ordeals. The home front workers made a huge contribution to the victory of our soldiers near Moscow. Among the rear workers was my grandmother, Nina Nikolaevna Semyonova. During the war, she worked at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant (MRTZ). In the war years, this plant was called "Patron" and produced large-caliber cartridges for aviation. After a very short time, the grandmother was already working independently at the machines and grinding parts according to drawings. My grandmother did not fight on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, where the fate of the whole world was decided. She worked selflessly in the rear. The Great Patriotic War was going on, everyone was hard and hungry. For the whole very long working day, my grandmother received only 500 grams of bread. She was one of the best workers in the factory. Her photo was constantly hung on the stand of the best workers. She has many certificates, gratitude and medals for excellent work. She is a Labor Veteran. Full work experience with my grandmother is 48 years. Together with my grandfather, my grandmother raised her daughter - my mother, who inherited from them a conscientious attitude to work. She has a grandson and a granddaughter. And we all love her very much! My grandmother is the best, I love her very much and am proud of her! Today Moscow is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. Its beauty is eternal, like life itself, like the very desire of a person for Peace and Good. And this is part of my grandmother's merit.

Economist, honorary oilman, laureate of the USSR State Prize (1944), Doctor of Economics (1948), professor (1958). The main stages of labor activity: Dean of the field-mechanical faculty of the Moscow Oil Institute named after I.M.Gubkin; Deputy Director of MNI (since 1931); Director of the Grozny Oil Institute (1932-1933); and acting Director of the MNI named after I.F. Gubkin (1933-1934); authorized by Glavneft at Amtorg (USA) (1934-1937); head of capital construction of Glavneft, dean of the oilfield faculty of the Moscow Research Institute named after I.F. Gubkin (1937-1939). In the period from 1939-1944 he worked at the fields of the Second Baku. He was the head of the technical department of the Bashneft trust, the director of the drilling office, the chief engineer of the Bashneft trust (Ishimbay), the chief engineer of the Bashneftekombinat (Ufa). Then - the head of the group and department of the oil industry of the USSR Council of People's Commissars, pedagogical work at the Moscow Research Institute of named after Gubkin (1944-1951); Director of the Institute of Oil of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1951-1958); Deputy Director of the Institute of Geology and Development of Fossil Fuels (1958-1966); Deputy Director of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Drilling Technology (VNIIBT), professor at the Moscow Institute of Oil and Gas named after Gubkin (1966-1975); professor-consultant VNIIBT (1975-1986). Scientific and production achievements: Author of more than 145 published scientific works, including 1 textbook, 16 monographs; 22 inventions. Among the monographs - "Electrochemical method of fixing unstable rocks" (1959); Isolation of absorbing horizons while drilling wells (1960); "Separation of reservoirs in oil and gas wells" (1973), etc. He trained 60 candidates of science. Participation in public life: Member of the Bureau of the Scientific Council of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Science and Technology; deputy Chairman of the Central Board of NTO Oil and Gas Industry and Chairman of the Moscow Board; member of the editorial board of the journal "Oil Industry", academic councils of the Moscow Research Institute named after Gubkin and a number of research institutes for the defense of dissertations. State and industry awards: Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR - for the development and introduction into production of an integrated method of processing oil wells, providing a significant increase in oil production (1944); Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1964); awarded the Order of the October Revolution, four Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals. Honorary Oilman (1974).

Antonina Aleksandrovna Selivyorstova (nee Knyazeva) was born on July 19, 1927 in the village of Kadat, Sharypovskaya Volost, Berezovsky District, Achinsk District, Siberian Territory (now part of the Sharypovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Territory is flooded by the reservoir of Berezovskaya GRES) She was the granddaughter of a village teacher and the daughter of a peasant Knyazev Alexander Vasilyevich. The father died early, the mother had three more small children - and Tonya lived with her aunt in Sharypovo, graduated from the "seven-year" school and began to work from the age of fifteen. It was a military year 1942. The years of adolescence fell on difficult war years, they worked on an equal basis with adults - and no one considered adolescents to be children. During the war they worked half-dressed and hungry: "everything for the front, everything for Victory." They drove cattle on foot to Achinsk to the meat processing plant, as Antonina Aleksandrovna told her children - they drove cattle in late autumn, in cold, slushy weather. We spent the night in the villages, having dried up and rested a little, walked on - this is how they forged Victory in the rear. Then she got a job in a seed laboratory, it was easier to work there, but she also had to walk a lot in the fields - they got to the collective farms on horseback, or even on foot. During the war, everyone went hungry - and work in the seed laboratory saved Tonya, because there it was possible to cook porridge from the already tested grain. Memories of Victory Day were bright - she said that everyone ran out into the street, hugged, rejoiced and cried. For her conscientious work during the war, Knyazeva Antonina Aleksandrovna was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", on the basis of this she was later awarded the title of veteran of the Great Patriotic War (St. No. 2553182, series BB). For many years, Antonina Aleksandrovna worked in the Sharypov communication center: first as a postman, and then as a telegraph operator - from there she retired. She was awarded the title of "Labor Veteran" of the Russian Federation. Antonina Aleksandrovna lived her life with dignity - she raised two daughters, worked all her life at work and at home. She lived for 78 years. We are proud of our great-grandmother!

I was born in February 1940 in Leningrad. My name is Nina Salnikova. In the summer of 1940, my family and I were in Volodarka, with Leni's grandfather and Lyuba's grandmother. My grandfather lived in his own house and worked in a copper smelter plant. A terrible war began. My sister and I were very young and did not feel all the fear. According to my mother's stories, my father came on leave at the end of August and warned that the war would be long, we shouldn't stay here - we need to go to Leningrad. Mom, Salnikova Lyudmila, packed up and took our things to the city, and on the second call she took my sister and me on a tram. It turned out that it was too late, Ligovo was captured by the Germans. We learned about the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad. I had to go back. The winters in Leningrad turned out to be harsh, according to my mother, in 1942 the thermometer dropped to 43 degrees. Our area was heavily bombed, we hid in the cellar. Our family did not stock up on food. A terrible famine began. Mom gradually exchanged watches, gold, rings and earrings for food, everything in the house, just to feed us. My grandfather had a dog, in the winter of 1942, I had to kill her in order to survive ... Once, taking my sister Olga and me on a sleigh, my mother knocked down from hunger and thought that we would not survive, lay in the snow, counting the time to death ... We were saved by a completely unfamiliar man, running up to us he shouted: “Young! She's crazy to die! " He transplanted my sister and me into his wagon train and took us to warm up in his house. He saved us, warmed and fed us. Wrapping the fish, he said to his mother, “Hide! Don't give it to anyone! Feed the children little by little, eat it yourself! Tears welling up in my mother's eyes. Even in such a situation, people remained human. We Survived. And we SURVIVED! On the morning of January 15, 1944, the Germans, under the threat of weapons, gathered all the residents of Volodarka, and distributed them into two camps, the elderly in one direction, women and children in the other. It turned out that there was a two-story building near the station, it was there that the old people were herded and burned alive. There, at the age of 65, grandfather Lenya died. Persecution began ... and we went to die in the camps. In April 1944, we reached Lithuania. In July 1944 they ended up in Poland. By chance, we ended up in Auschwitz, a train full of crowded people stopped near the camp, I remember the bright light of a searchlight .. all things were taken away, we could hear "Dizenfection" in German-Russian, we did not have time to jump off the carriage. The Germans lined up in two rows, we did not understand what was happening ... Mom was crying, she understood, we were being led to die. My family and I did not get into the workers' party. The smell ... the smell of death was felt that night, black smoke and a long line. “Everything will be fine,” “now we’ll go to bed,” my mother and my sister reassured me. A miracle happened, an unfamiliar French prisoner from the camp service team, seeing us, pulled us out of the line and pushed us into the party of workers, thereby saving us from death. Mom, being with us in the camp, tried to find this woman, it turned out that she was burned in the crematorium ... We have passed many roads, we have been in different places, we do not even know how many death camps we have passed, but we survived. Liberation came in Frankfurt am Main on March 25, 1945. In May 1945, we were provided with a two-story white house, with a large staircase and a white piano on the second floor, I remember a lot of dolls and toys, for us it was paradise. After settling in, Russian soldiers brought in a huge jar of condensed milk. At night, while everyone was asleep, I took the largest spoon in the house and began to eat, in huge portions, but when she heard, my mother said "Nina, you can't do that much, Nina,you will die!" A few days later, my mother decided to return to Leningrad, the soldiers said, "Don't do this, stay here, there is nothing there, there is hunger." The family decided to return home to their homeland. At the station, my mother, leaving my sister and me on our suitcases, went to ask about the train ... at that moment, a complete stranger, threw us off our suitcases and took all our things with toys ... But we were not offended - we went home ... In June 1945 we were already in Leningrad, our family helped to rebuild the city after a terrible war. We survived ... it's scary to imagine that there are more than 13 camps behind us ...

Skvortsova Maria Danilovna has come a long and glorious career. She was born on April 5, 1925 in the village of Ramenye, Borisoglebsk District, Yaroslavl Region, in the family of a middle-class peasant. She studied at the Nevukovskaya secondary school. She graduated from only 7 classes, since the war began. During wartime, Maria Danilovna worked in the collective farm fields, helped to grow bread, potatoes, beets. All this was sent to the front. In addition, Maria Danilovna, like many fellow villagers, dug trenches, manually sawed three-meter thick logs. It was very difficult. Hunger, cold. The bottoms of light coats froze to the ground. They worked under the slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory." These words gave strength and confidence. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 6, 1945, Maria Danilovna was awarded the medal "For Valouros Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." At the end of the war, Maria Danilovna continued to work on the collective farm. It was necessary to restore the economy, build a new life. In 1948, Maria Danilovna moved to Yaroslavl, got married, gave birth to a son and a daughter. At first she worked as a nanny in a kindergarten, and then she was accepted to the Yaroslavl Radio Plant as a player collector. For high production performance Maria Danilovna was awarded with the sign "Winner of the socialist competition 1969". They even wrote about her in the radio factory newspaper. The article was called "The team is proud of her." In 1970, Maria Danilovna moved to shop 46 as a knitter. The products of this workshop were made for space. And again Maria Danilovna is a shock worker. In 1975 she was awarded the "Winner of Socialist Labor 1975" badge. Maria Danilovna worked at the Yaroslavl Radio Plant for 40 years. In 1980, on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, she was awarded the medal "Veteran of Labor for Long-term Conscientious Work". In 1995, Maria Danilovna was awarded the jubilee medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ".

My mother, Varvara Sinyavskaya (Mitina) was born in 1915, in the ancient Russian village of Ilinskoe-Khovanskoe, Rostov District, Yaroslavlskaya Province (now an urban-type settlement and district center in the Ivanovo Region) in a large working family. The family lived in a tiny house. I grew up in this house, but I still don not understand — how the whole family was housed in it? Despite the difficulties, all the children received a good education. The older sister, Anna, graduated from the Institute of Noble Maidens, my mother and her brother Anatoly became agronomists, Claudia was a wonderful dressmaker, and the younger, Nadezhda, became a nurse and worked in a military hospital during the war. My mother did well at school and was one of the first to join the pioneers. For her active work, she was awarded a trip to the All-Union meeting of young pioneers in Moscow. After school, my mother studied at an Agricultural College, received a diploma of agronomist, and was sent to the Smolensk Region. It was there that she met my future father, Stepan Sinyavsky. He worked as a history teacher in a rural school then. When my father joined the army, my mother went to live with my parents. I was born in 1939, and my brother Eugeniy was born in 1940. My grandmother, Elizaveta Mitina, helped me to raise my children. When the war started, I was only two years old, and my brother was one year old. My mother worked from dawn to dawn: all her strength she gave to the front. She, the chief agronomist of the district, went to all the villages on foot in any weather. In February 1944, our father unexpectedly came to us after treatment in the hospital. He was with his family for a few days, and in August of the same year, the funeral came. We lived very sparsely, always hungry. My mother and her sister used every opportunity to take care of us. My mother was strict, but she never told me what they talked about at school at a parent-teacher meeting. I was always worried, even though I studied well. I remember May 9, 1945 (I was already 6 years old). The day was sunny and warm. A band was playing from somewhere — and my mother was sobbing loudly. She became a widow at 29 years old. Then again, endless work from dawn to dawn. And in rare moments of rest — the garden, firewood, delicious cheesecakes, knitting, participation in the choir. My mother liked very much when linen was snow-white, and the house was full of flowers. Every September 1, children came to her from all over the street — and no one left without flowers. Almost until her death in 1988, my mother worked first at her home village of Ilyinskiy, and then in the neighboring village of Fedorovskoye in a kindergarten, and participated in Amateur performances.

Branch of troops: Soviet Navy and NKVD Border Troops Marine Forces _x000D_ _x000D_ My maiden name is Kramarenko, last name after my first marriage is Plaksienko, after my second marriage Surzhok. I was born on January 1, 1924 in the village. Bogoslavsky, Stavropol Territory, Kochubeevsky District, in the family of a railway worker. My father, Ivan Ivanovich Kramarenko, born in 1918, until old age worked as a trackman on the railway. Mother, Kramarenko Evdokia Markovna, was a housewife. We lived in the Stavropol Territory at the Ovechka station, where I graduated from 8th grade. Then Secondary School in the village of Tebay, Krasnodar Territory in 1942. After graduating from School, together with the pioneer camp, we were evacuated to Kazan. I worked at the Gorbunov Aviation Plant. _x000D_ From August 1942 to December 1943 I was in the ranks of the active navy. I was wounded in 1943. Then I was demobilized for health reasons, got married. From January 1944 to December 1945 I was a housewife. Then in December 1945 I entered the Crimean Pedagogical Institute at the literary faculty. A year later, for family reasons, I transferred to the Dagestan Pedagogical Institute, which I graduated in 1949. Then I came to visit my relatives who had returned to the Stavropol Territory. I worked as a teacher, head teacher of a Secondary School in the village. Cherished Kochubeevsky district, Stavropol Territory._x000D_ In December 1950 I entered the graduate School of the Pyatigorsk Pedagogical Institute at the Department of Russian Literature. After graduating from graduate School, I worked at the Vilniansky Teachers' Institute (Lithuanian SSR). In January 1955 I defended my dissertation at the Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute named after N.K. Krupskaya. I was a Member of the CPSU since 1953. _x000D_ For family reasons, I transferred from Vilnius to the Krasnodar regional three-year party School. I worked as the head of the department of languages and literature. After the liquidation of the department, I moved to my husband in Riga. I worked as a teacher at the Riga Pedagogical Institute with an hourly pay. After the liquidation of the Riga Pedagogical Institute, a competition was held at the Stanislav Pedagogical Institute (now Ivanovo-Frankivsk) in 1958. In 1969, a competition was held at the Tselinograd Pedagogical Institute. In 1970, in November, I passed through a competition to the Barnaul Pedagogical Institute on Russian-Soviet literature. From 1971 to 1982 I worked as a Senior Lecturer at the Kalmyk State University at the Department of Russian and Foreign Literature.

She was born in Moscow on the Arbat, in the famous maternity Grauerman hospital. From 1916 to 1917 she lived in Moscow on Prechistenka street. In 1918, she and her parents moved to Odessa. Father died in 1918, mother in 1919. After the death of her parents, her relatives transported her back to Moscow, where since 1920 she was brought up in a colony named after I. Lunacharsky, from 1927 until finishing school in 1931 she was brought up in the orphanage number 11 FONO ("Pioneer"), in Khlebny lane in Moscow. From 1931 to 1935 she studied at the Technical School at the Dynamo plant at the full-time department. _x000D_ During the Great Patriotic War, she manufactured shells and rotary mechanisms for tanks. All her life (from 1935 to 1974) she worked at the Dynamo plant named after V.I. CM. Kirov, first as a designer, since 1950 as a Head of the standardization and normalization bureau, and since 1960 as a Head of the Chief designer's bureau. In October 1941, together with the plant, she was evacuated beyond the Urals to the city of Chelyabinsk, where she manufactured shells and rotary mechanisms for tanks. In 1943 she returned to Moscow. _x000D_ In peacetime, together with colleagues from the design bureau, she developed electric motors for metro cars and electric locomotives. She was married to Siluanov Boris Vasilyevich on July 6, 1941, who voluntarily joined the people's militia. On September 30, 1941, the 9th Kirov Division of the people's militia took an advanced position near the village of Leonovo in the Yelnya Region. From 1 to 3 October, fierce battles were fought, but the Division was surrounded by the enemy. The encirclement continued until mid-October 1941. Siluanov Boris Vasilievich went missing in October 1941.

Anna Mashletova was born in 1922 in the city of Ludinovo._x000D_ She finished ten classes at secondary school #3. It was called Obraztsovaya (The Best), where she received a paper of excellent student, dated May 31, 1935 "For excellent academic success and exemplary behavior worthy of a Soviet schoolgirl". After graduation from High School in 1940, Anna entered the Leningrad Forestry Academy. On September 8, 1941, Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans, and a long blockade began. The enemy used everything to create unbearable conditions for the population of the city. There was no food. In September, a fire-fighting company was formed from University students, which was part of the regiment of the fire service of the Leningrad air defense. The 6th platoon of the Vyborg company was stationed at the Forestry Academy. The guardhouse was located in the building where the girls lived. They slept in a large auditorium in the next building. There was a telephone post in the corridor, where people took turns on duty. A. Malletova joined the company. They all were called soldiers of the fire front. Young firefighters participated in extinguishing more than 2,200 fires, independently extinguished more than 400 fires, eliminated more than 5,000 incendiary bombs, took hundreds of people out of the fire, and saved valuables worth millions of rubles. Most importantly, they did not let the enemy turn the undefeated city into a giant flaming bonfire. In June 1942, the Leningrad Fire Department was awarded the Order of Lenin. This high award fully extended to the young soldiers of the regiment. Many of them were first-year students of Leningrad universities, they were 19 years old._x000D_ In 1946, A. Mashletova returned to the city of Ludinovo. For the first four years, she taught physics in Grades 7-10 at Secondary school #2. Working faithfully, she did her part to support education in the post-war years. Since 1950, she worked as a head teacher and physics teacher at the seven-year school #1. In 1956, she was transferred as a head teacher to the eight-year school #8. A. Mashletova devoted more than 30 years of life to her favorite work. A. Malletova was awarded Medals For the Defense of Leningrad, Veteran of Labor.

Duev Anatoly Vasilyevich_x000D_ _x000D_ Anatoly Vasilievich Duev-home front worker, chemical technician. He was born on August 18, 1922 in a peasant family in the village of Bykov Maidan in the Shatkovsky district of the Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) region, and had 2 brothers: Mikhail and Nikolai. Mikhail (born in 1919) - Junior Sergeant, participant of the great Patriotic war, who went missing in 1942. He studied at the Gorlovka school, where he met his future wife, Leontina Albertovna. after graduating from the school, they were evacuated with the plant to the city of Kemerovo at the beginning of the war. They had a good education for those years. After a few years of work, Anatoly was appointed head of the site, and Leontina-chief mechanic. In those years, they worked in the most difficult conditions, walked huge distances every day, worked hard at the factory, producing gunpowder for the front, did not get enough sleep and did not eat enough. Anatoly Vasilyevich was awarded the medals "for valiant labor in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945" and "for the victory over Germany in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945" and a number of commemorative awards. In 1944, they had their first child - son Volodya, in total they will have five children, for which Leontina will receive the medal of Motherhood II degree. Anatoly worked as a chemist for a very long time, could have retired much earlier, and his work was dangerous not only because of chemicals, because he worked in a secret shop for the production of gunpowder. I went on business trips with a service weapon and an escort "in plain clothes". And, after leaving the factory, he served as a collector until almost seventy. We've lived together all our lives. Anatoly died on January 24, 2005, and Leontina died on August 28, 2012.

Dendymarchenko (Shcherbina) Nadezhda Lukinichna_x000D_ _x000D_ Dendymarchenko (Shcherbina) Nadezhda Lukinichna was born in 1929. Member of the labor front during the great Patriotic War of 1941-45. the City of Gorlovka, Donetsk region was occupied by Nazi troops on November 2, 1941. During the occupation by German troops, the Gorlovka mines were flooded by retreating Soviet troops, and the equipment of the Kirov machine-building plant was evacuated to the Urals. On the territory of Gorlovka were located Romanian, Hungarian, Italian and German units. The war was a serious test of women's strength. Ahead were almost two years of occupation, bullying, executions and deportations to Germany, and hopes for an early release from Nazi captivity. The city was liberated on September 4, 1943 by the troops of the southern front during the Donbass operation. It is from this period that Nadezhda Lukinichna's career begins, at the age of 14. People of the older generation were destined to start their work early, survive the war years, give their Country a lot of strength and health, raising the country's economy during the Soviet period. It is the fragile female shoulders and arms that are most directly related to this time. There are many pitfalls in this story. You can nod at international laws (women in underground work-it's impossible!), and the Soviet habit of sticking something out and instantly forget when everything goes as if on a rolling track. In practice, we are dealing with the oblivion of our past. The history of the land of waste without recreating the memory of the selfless and heroic feat of miners in the 40s and 50s of the last century will be incomplete and not true. But the monument to those girls from many regions of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, who worked for 10-12 hours, did not eat, did not get enough sleep, and even raised children and looked after the elderly, the authorities — both under the omnipotence of the Communist system, and during the years of independence of Ukraine — were not vouchsafed to install. But they, these fragile girls, pumped out water, passed manually(!) hundreds of meters of excavation, put out the lava, he worked in the underground mine transport. And they brought their families 1 kg 200 g of bread a day, which saved their relatives and friends from starvation. For reference, workers and employees "on the surface" received only 400-500 grams of bread. Women wielded very ancient equipment: pillows, reclining, on their sides. Try to wave this weighty Balda. Butchery laid rock gob. They shoveled, again lying down, one norm, and this is six tons! The breed should lie tight, so that the matchbox does not fit. How did these fragile girls fulfill two, three, or even ten male norms? And there were no new mechanized complexes in the lava, they will appear much later… From 1943 to 1947, up to 80% of women worked in underground work in the mines of Donbass (this data is the fruit of the hard work of Vladimir Seleznev, a journalist of the Rabochaya Gazeta, who shoveled through the files of the Socialist Donbass newspaper of that time). Women were finally removed from underground work in 1966. According to careful calculations by Vladimir Seleznev and ex-Minister of the Ministry of coal industry of Ukraine Nikolay Surgay, from 200 to 250 thousand women worked in underground works in the war and post-war years, respectively. The feat of women and girls, because at that time many were 14 years old, began to be forgotten (they did not talk about it much, except in the first, still war years), only small notes were occasionally published in the local press. Our heartfelt gratitude and deep respect to all veterans of the great Patriotic war and participants of the labor front!

Epov Guriy Nikolaevich Epov Gury Nikolaevich was born on 24.12.1912 in the village of Dyrbylkey, Borzinsky district, Chita region in the family of a military doctor Nikolai Anempodistovich. Arina, the mother, died when he was a baby, Nicholay Anempodistovich died in the civil war. Guriy and his sister Elena were raised by their grandfather. According to the memories of Guriy Nikolaevich, my grandfather started working early in the morning. Elena and Guriy worked themselves from the age of 3-4, grazing poultry. After work, adults gathered for evenings where they sang, danced, talked, and children played nearby or listened to stories from one of the adults. When Guriy was 5 years old, the Anempodist was dekulakized, arrested, and sent to Kazakhstan. They passed through the far East, where an Anempodist died on the way. Elena and Guriy ended up in an orphanage, where Guriy graduated from primary school. Then he was trained at the Borzinsky district school and qualified as a veterinary paramedic. In 1941, at the age of 29, he was drafted into the army. He served in the Siberian division, which was nicknamed "Wild" for its courage, desperation, and inflexibility. Guriy Nikolaevich later recalled the Volkhov front: "I will not forget November 18-19, 1941, until the end of my life. Our 5th company was thrown into the exploration right under the accurate fire of the Germans. And we were going to certain death, because we knew that if we distracted the Germans here, they would not have the strength to reach Leningrad! Almost all of our company was killed in those swamps, and I myself came to in the field infirmary with a serious wound." After numerous shrapnel wounds from an air RAID, Guriy Nikolaevich fought for life in hospitals for about a year, then was discharged as unfit for duty. Gury Nikolaevich Epov worked in the rear. He married Tatyana Konstantinovna Panova, with whom he raised 9 children. After working at the Daursky state farm for many years, he received the title of labor veteran. Guriy Nikolaevich was a sympathetic, competent specialist. To this day, the older generation remembers with gratitude how he saved livestock, regardless of the time of day and even when he was already retired. Guriy Nikolaevich actively participated in the life of the village. He was often invited to meetings with young soldiers and children, where with his memories he tried to lay the history of his Fatherland in the memory of young people. Guriy Nikolaevich led the search for fellow soldiers and relatives of fellow soldiers who died at Tikhvin. Being a sociable person, he sought to unite people. He found relatives through Newspapers and corresponded with a huge number of people. He wrote articles in Newspapers on exciting topics. The Epov family had a large subsidiary farm. In the courtyard there was a sauna, a gazebo, sheds built with their own hands, a well-groomed vegetable garden. Guriy Nikolaevich at work did not forget to deal with the upbringing of children. He considered it important that children know their roots and remember their ancestors. His children, and then his grandchildren, listened to his stories with great interest. Shortly before his death, Guriy Nikolaevich told his eldest son about his childhood, showed the place where he grew up. Now only the Foundation remains of the house. On January 30, 1992, this sensitive and worldly wise man died. But it remained in the memory and hearts of many people.

Vaskova Nina Arsentyevna_x000D_ _x000D_ Nina Vaskova - home front worker. In April 1941, my mother was 16 years old. My mother really wanted to sew. I dreamed of becoming a master in sewing women's dresses. But, in August 1941, a summons came to the house, from which it followed that she should go to study at a vocational school. Whether or not she wanted to become a grinder, no one was interested. Then there was only one word - "need". And Nina went to school. At the school, the main task of teachers was to quickly give the necessary working skills and direct them to the metallurgical plant. So soon my mother got to the long-range rolling shop. But she did not work as a sander for long, she, a smart and intelligent girl, was noticed and transferred to a more responsible job - in the OTC supervisors. They worked twelve hours a day. Daily. Without days. No vacations. And so for four years. But my mother worked and didn't complain. This was considered normal. So all the girls lived in the barracks. After all, they worked to Win. A person gets used to everything, even the most exhausting work. Still, a twelve-hour day could be exhausting for anyone. The hardest part was switching from working the night shift to working the day shift. It looked like this. After working the last day of the week from eight o'clock in the evening to eight o'clock in the morning, my mother and her friends went home. It took an hour and a half to get to the barracks. If you walk fast. At nine-thirty, she was home, ate a quick meal, and immediately fell on the bed. At half-past two in the afternoon, my grandmother had difficulty waking her up: get up, all the girls in the barracks are already going to work. My mother would jump up and put on all the trousers she had, and felt boots that had just had time to steam in the heat, but not to dry out. And already at four o'clock, together with her friends, she was at the checkpoint. From four o'clock they worked until twelve at night and went (again for an hour and a half) to their barracks. At six-thirty, after five hours of sleep at most, she would barely open her eyes and leave the house, still half asleep. So began the next week, when they worked in the morning. To learn how to work with different grades of steel, after work, she and other OTC supervisors often stayed for another two hours to study the technical minimum. Steel produced different-and for shells, and for combat guns, and armor. And each had its own special requirements. Very strict, I must say, requirements. Here is just one example. When it became clear that the Nazi shells penetrate the armor of our tanks, the Magnitogorsk iron and steel works immediately started producing high-quality armored steel. And not only did they master the production of a new brand of steel, but on December 7, 1942, they issued six standards of armored steel of the 60 SGA brand per shift. I swear, my mother, who didn't remember very well what happened last night, remembered all the steel grades produced during the war and the dates of production for the rest of her life....The control girls usually used the lunch break time to check the sheets that were rolled before the break. While the men were building a fire right next to the machines, the girls were checking every inch of the metal sheet with crayons in their hands. My mother's mistake, inattention, could have ended in tragedy at the front. And she knew it. My mother was young, tall, slender, and very beautiful. It seemed that her health was not offended by nature. But I remember that even in summer, she went to "felt" Coniah. Her feet were constantly freezing. This is from the military heritage of it. When always wet, cold felt boots and cold to the blue feet… For the last twenty years of her life, my mother had difficulty walking. Her legs were so twisted that it was hard to believe that once, guys looked at her slender figure. My mother's feet always hurt unbearably...People can handle a lot. But, the limit of physical strength is still there. The plant's management also understood this. So for a week or two the shop was transferred to an eight-hour working day. This was considered a real vacation. These days, the girls ran to the movies, liked to walk in the Park. In early 1946, my mother was awarded the medal "for valiant labor in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. She was in her twenty-first year. And in 1948, she was introduced to my father, a young front-line soldier. But that's a different story.