Women at war

Demchenko (Okuncov) Antonina Yakovlevna_x000D_ _x000D_ Branch of the armed forces: Military medical staff. Before the war, Antonina graduated from the eighth grade in Leningrad, immediately got to the labor front-helped dig ditches in the city. Then, after moving to her parents in the village of Zhiletovo, she worked on the construction of a military airfield near Kaluga. After three difficult months of the occupation worked in the harvesting of timber for military purposes. In the fall of 1942, Antonina takes the oath of office and becomes a nurse in the operating Department of the hospital. A few months later - enrollment in accelerated auto courses near Moscow and three months later-combat training with a military driver. And then - independent work: Antonina in the column brings ammunition to the front and evacuates the wounded. For a while, she becomes the Komsomol Secretary of the autobatallion. For participation in carrying out a column with ammunition to the front, which was in dire need of shells, she received the medal "for military merit". Antonina ended the war in Romania. During the war, Antonina's brother Anatoly Yakovlevich Okuntsov was killed at the front. And in 1946, after returning from the front, his second brother, Alexey Yakovlevich Okuntsov, died of war wounds (before the war he worked as an architect in Kaluga). My parents have only one daughter left: Catherine, Antonina, Nadezhda (Vera died during the war from tuberculosis). In the postwar years Okuncov Antonina Yakovlevna worked on the car, and later as a typist. She lived in Ukraine and the North Caucasus. 20.01.1953 year married Demchenko Nikolai Fedorovich (military pilot) (their Union is registered near Zhytomyr). She gave birth to two daughters. The third daughter was born in Kaluga. And again, hard work on a cargo scooter at the Kaluga plant of automotive electrical equipment, then-delivered products to kindergartens. And in the second half of the 60s Antonina gets a job as a taxi driver. People in difficult situations, whom she met on her life's path, always tried to help with shelter, food, advice, everything she could. In retirement, she helped raise five granddaughters, one grandchild, and later a great-granddaughter and great-grandchildren. She always fed the little ones and the older ones berries, vegetables and fruits from her dacha plot. When asked about my health, I always answered: "I Don't let myself dry up!" Always an optimist and a kind and sympathetic person! Eternal memory to the generation of winners! We remember! We love it! We take an example from you!

Dubrovina (Samodurova) Alexandra Ivanovna_x000D_ _x000D_ On March 7, 1916 (old style) in Moscow, Ivan Mikhailovich Samodurov and his wife Anna Dmitrievna had a daughter, Alexandra. In the same year, her father, Ivan Mikhailovich Samodurov, was taken to the 1st world war, it was difficult to live in Moscow with five children, and his wife decided to return home to the village of Novo-Krasnoe, Sapozhkovsky district, Ryazan region. When my father returned from the war, we decided to stay in the village. They worked a lot, lived well, my mother often recalled "all the young people go for a walk in the evening on the outskirts, but my father does not let them, because they started working with the first roosters, and if you do not get enough sleep, what kind of worker are you". Twice they tried to dekulakize them, but they never had employees, they did everything with their own hands, so this initiative did not have support at the village meeting." But it had consequences for her brother. In 1932, when he served in the ranks of the worker-peasant army, conscripts from the village of Novo-Red part of the letter where it was written that the collective meeting decided: "son of a wealthy, not conscious farmer cannot serve the worker-peasant army" and was expelled, and he dreamed of becoming a military. From the first days of the war, he was at the front and died while crossing the Dnieper. And two more brothers went through the roads of war and returned alive with awards. And her sister in the war worked at a machine-building factory as an assembler.May 19, 1927 she completed the course of the Novo-Krasno-Sloboda school of the 1st stage, having studied there for 4 years. 1934-married Fyodor Ilyich Dubrovin, and in 1935 they had their first son Vasily. Her husband was called up for military service in 1936 for two years.In 1938, after her husband's military service in the army, they returned to Moscow, where he was offered to work in the Oktyabrsky district military Commissariat as a storekeeper with the provision of official housing (rooms in Moscow). In 1939, a second son, Viktor, was born. In 1940, the husband leaves, vacates office housing and the whole family moves to the village of Kutuzovo (currently it is Moscow, Zelenograd, the village of Kutuzovo). Dubrovina Alexandra Ivanovna June 20, 1941 accompanied her husband to retraining for a month, and it turned out to be the war, for a long 4 years. She was left with two children (born in 1935 and 1939), and at the fourth month of pregnancy she will live in an Annex to a chicken coop in the village of Kutuzovo (now a district of Zelenograd). From the first days of the war, the village of Kryukovo began to rebuild its life in a military way. The people's militia — local air defense teams-began to be created, and German air Raids on Moscow began on the streets exactly a month after the start of the war. They were held daily, day and night. Women and children were on duty on the roofs of houses, putting out fire from incendiary bombs. Life changed dramatically. Entered cards for bread. On the field between the villages of Kutuzovo and Kamenka, air defense sound detectors were installed, notifying of the approach of Nazi bombers. The radio was giving an "air alert" signal. The raids began in July. Every evening, after dark, there was a growing hum of aircraft engines, and the silhouettes of bombers flying towards Moscow appeared in the sky. Construction of defensive structures began. Pillboxes and bunkers were built on the Leningrad highway, and anti-tank ditches were dug. In August, it was sent to dig trenches and anti-tank ditches. We worked at these sites for a week, put up wire barriers, anti-tank "hedgehogs". Still, she felt deep in the rear. Although the Germans arrived and threw their bombs,but still the cannonade was not heard, and the anti-aircraft guns were the rule. There were a lot of them along the railway track on both sides in trenches-every 500-800 meters. A lot of hedgehogs and concrete blocks were installed near the bridge and the station , so that a narrow lane remained on the highway for passage… War, panic, bombing, and the trains ran at first. The fascists usually arrived after 5-6 PM, so that the sun blinded the anti-aircraft gunners. At first rarely, and then more and more often. They beat the station, hunted our trains. And the war was getting closer every day. At night in the direction of the front was moving military convoys and armored trains. Back they were dragged, wounded, with an opportunity, sometimes even clinging in parts to suburban trains. Ambulance trains went to the front in the morning in order to bring the wounded at night. They were constantly bombed…How many cars and locomotives lay broken on the slopes that autumn! Twenty pieces per kilometer. To clear the tracks, cars were manually derailed. There were air alerts 2-3 times a day, as well as at night. The Germans wanted to encircle Moscow and take it from both sides. October-November 1941 was a very difficult time for Moscow. The fifteenth of October I. V. Stalin ordered the evacuation of factories from Moscow to the East. German bombing raids on Moscow, which were announced by the alarm horns of locomotives, searchlights searching for uninvited aliens from the West, and stars of anti-aircraft shell bursts, became commonplace. One night, the bombs of a German bomber, which were not carried to the capital, were dropped on the village. Even in the frozen ground, the craters from the explosions were astonishing in size. By November, the evacuation from Moscow was over, but the enemy literally stood at the gates of our homes. Residents of Kryukovo did not have time to evacuate. They began to build shelters-dugouts in case of bombings, and every night they went to them from their homes with their children. The Germans were approaching their village. There were air alerts 4-5 times during the day and 3-4 times at night. Our troops were retreating. On the twenty-third of November, the Germans occupied Solnechnogorsk, and the next day, in the Kryukovo area, they bombed a passenger train traveling towards Moscow. On November 27-28, our troops retreated to Moscow. The soldiers advised residents to leave their homes immediately and move towards Moscow. But it was no longer possible to evacuate the population, and it was not only nowhere to go, but also dangerous. When our soldiers retreated, they received an order: "leave Nothing to the enemy!". On November 28, was blown up a railway bridge at the station Kryukovo railway station, the school burned, burned all the stores, bakery, clinic, demolished two brick factories, a dairy, a library, a destroyed platform. In the evening, the railway track to Skhodnya station was blown up. On November 30, the Germans occupied the village of Alabushevo. It was very close. At the end of November, the front approached Kryukovo. German planes began to fly during the day. At night, a roar could be heard from the West, and the glow of fires could be seen. All this gave rise to some kind of anxiety, a sense of impending big trouble. On the evening of November 30, green figures of Germans appeared on the edge of the forest. A machine gun was fired from the Kamensky hillock, and they quickly disappeared into the forest. Obviously, this was intelligence. On the same night of December 1, German troops broke into Kryukovo. German tanks were moving through the village in a heavy avalanche, crushing trees, shrubs, and fences. Soldiers (behind tanks) entered on motorcycles, apparently, they were scouts. They immediately began to expel residents from their homes and dugouts and occupy them themselves. The Germans were led by a former Forester from Alabushevo; the entire tank column, 24 tanks, spent the forest. German tanks approached where our medical unit was. Those who could walk, all left, there were only bedridden. They dragged them to the road and crushed them with tanks. Then, in March, residents buried them, bandaged — in a large trench, on the settlement. On the morning of December 1, the Germans were in charge of Kamenka. The space 1.5-2 km wide between our and the enemy's lines of defense can be called "no man's land": there were combat guards (to warn of possible attacks), snipers and individual machine gunners came out here, looking for targets. She lived with her children on the edge of a ravine, and the front line passed through this ravine, on the other side was the village of Kamenka in which the Germans created a strong fortified area. The family moved to the cellar. She said that a heavy tank took up a firing position not far from the house. Its size, the powerful roar of the engine, the gun, inspired hope for our victory. The commander got out of the tank, who warned her to stay away from the tank with children: "We will shoot, and they will shoot at us too." Despite numerous directives to recapture Kryukovo, this could not be done. The Germans held fast to the village. They turned it into a strong base, using a large advantage in tanks and natural hills. In the direction of Pyatnitskoe highway, the village of Kamenka was captured, also rising above the terrain. The Germans repeatedly moved out of Kryukovo, but in the evening, after heavy fighting, returned the tanks back. On December 3-4, they appeared on the outskirts of Ruzino and Kutuzovo, the Germans crossed the bridge over the Goretovka river, entered the lower part of the village,but could not advance up the mountain. On the night of December 3, a combat order was issued, in which the task was to return Kryukovo and Kamenka. On December 3, at 3 am, after 15 minutes of artillery preparation, the attack began. In just one day there were 3 attacks, and all of them were unsuccessful, with heavy losses for our units. And very accurately on December 4, the pattern of the previous day was repeated: artillery preparation, attack, advance of several hundred meters, return fire from machine guns, submachine guns, guns, mortars, and - retreat to the starting position. In the sky above the Stove appeared links of Nazi dive-bombers. Fierce fighting took place on monay field to the West of the village. On the night of December 7, the roar was stronger than usual. They were sitting in the cellar, pressed against each other in anticipation of death. That's how they lived on the front line, hiding in a cellar, and their house turned into a sieve from bullets and shrapnel, and then completely collapsed from a shell hit. And on the eve of a counter-offensive to them, the military came and said, "she is better here with the kids to leave here tomorrow will be a fierce battle, and to survive there will be little chance that the Germans will shoot us and we in them." When she got out of the cellar, she didn't see the tank, only traces of its wide tracks remained. As expected, the projectiles intended for him did not spare her home. There was a cannon at the edge of the village. Nearby, about three meters away, lay a horse harnessed to a cart, and the torn corpse of our soldier. Apparently, during the battle, a shell landed in the calculation, the traces of the explosion of which were visible in the snow. The front line was somewhere close, and sometimes bullets flew up to their homes and disappeared with a slight hiss in the snow. Many residential buildings and administrative buildings were burned down. On the field, they saw the corpses of our soldiers already dusted with snow-the result of the morning's frontal attack on the village of Kamenka. Under fire, they left the village and walked across a snow-covered field towards the Skhodnya station. On December 7, she and her two sons, the eldest Vasily is 6 years old, and the youngest Viktor is 2 years old, left for Moscow. They walked all the way, in the cold, carrying their youngest son on a sled. They were hit by artillery fire, fell into the snow. Only the sled with the youngest son remained on the road. Then they walked for a long time along the road towards the Gangplank. She couldn't remember the name of the village where they had been assigned to the military unit. They were placed in a hut, warmed, and fed porridge. Her children were given a lump of sugar and moved on. They were bombed: there was a growing hum of aircraft engines, silhouettes of bombers appeared in the sky, flying towards Moscow. Over the Gangway broke out the flares. The dead whistle of bombs, from which there was no place to hide, flooded the station tracks, where military trains were unloaded, as new units arrived and went on foot to the front line. Immediately, bombs fell from invisible planes, and everything was drowned in dust and flames. Bombed and aircraft factories and in Khimki. The first planes dropped subs-glowing aerial bombs and lighting rockets on parachutes. It was getting as light as day. Anti-aircraft guns opened fire. Fire trails crisscrossed the sky. The darkness was broken by the beams of hundreds of searchlights. Searchlights searched for bombers flying in the night, blinded German pilots, preventing them from carrying out targeted bombing. And they went, and from two sides there was a battle from the left for Krasnaya Polyana (now this is the Lobnya district) and from the right there was a battle for Nefedevo. Later, she learns that the decisive role in the outcome of the multi-day battle was played by a blow to bypass Kryukov in the direction of Kamenka. This is confirmed by K. K.'s memoirs. Rokossovsky: "by December 8, as a result of almost three days of fighting, often reaching hand-to-hand fights, as well as bypassing the village from the South-West, the enemy's resistance was broken. By nightfall on December 8, Kryukovo and Kamenka were completely liberated from the Nazis." When they reached Moscow, they saw anti-aircraft guns on the streets of Moscow. Defensive fortifications at bridges and on streets there are a lot of "hedgehogs", barrage balloons on Moscow boulevards, fighters of anti-aircraft batteries watching the sky near the Bolshoi theater, the downed German plane on Sverdlov square. Moscow lived a front-line life. We went to a relative who lived in a house behind the Bolshoi theater. From the first days of the war, the metro was used as a shelter, including the unfinished third line. During the day, the metro worked, and after 19 hours, and on some days after 17 hours it turned into a shelter. At least you can get some sleep here. On December 13, 1941, her third son, Eugene, was born in a bomb shelter located in the metro station "Sverdlov square" (now "Teatralnaya" station). In 1942, Moscow was hungry and cold. There was no wood. At night, the houses were stripped of their planks. When they ran out, they burned books and searched for old wooden barrels. Everything that could burn was burned in the house. Only the iron beds were left of the furniture. Bread for dependent cards was given out twice as much as for workers. All valuables were exchanged for flour and potatoes. The queue for receiving bread was occupied at 4 PM, and bread was delivered at 11 am. The winter of 1942 was very cold, snowy, and frosts reached minus 32-33 degrees. For bread stood all night. There were no other products. Twice (at night and in the morning) they made a roll call. If you are absent during the check - from the lists (receiving bread) crossed out. It was very cold. I frostbite my nose and hands several times. They no longer needed two rooms. Together with a relative, they lived in the same, smallest room, where they put the stove "bourgeois", they slept together in the same bed, it was warmer, the room was semi-dark, so it was easier to observe the blackout. They ate bread, frozen potatoes, and drank carrot tea. Even the potato peelings were not thrown away, but used for making pancakes. They ate quinoa, which also had to be bought (at the market it cost 20 rubles at that time). per kilogram, and a loaf of black bread – 600 rubles.).So they lived until spring. In the spring, they returned to their native village. They were sheltered by neighbors, from whom they learned that the Germans had shot the Chairman of the collective farm Yaroslavtsev. It was issued by a "German woman" - a German language teacher. When and where it came from, no one really knew. On the streets of the village of Kryukovo and the village of Kamenka were abandoned by the Germans cars and tank_x000D_ . In Kamenka, in a clearing behind the fire shed, the corpses of our soldiers lay in piles covered with tarpaulins. There was no way to bury them because of severe frosts, only in the spring they were put in a large pit of the burned-down collective farm vegetable storage and covered with earth. They lived there for a short time, because there was nothing left of the house. I didn't even have the strength or the ability to build a mud hut. Therefore, she and her three children and mother-in-law decided to rent part of the house near the Skhodnya station in the village of Morchikhino. The Germans did not reach the Gangplank and there was no such destruction. They lived in poverty, the money that came from the front from her husband was not enough. And when the youngest son was one year old, in February 1943. she went to work as a train conductor on the Oktyabrskaya railway. Leningrad was then under siege and steam-powered trains ran to Bologoe station. There you could buy cheap berries, mushrooms and fish, as well as firewood. Therefore, when the train was returning to Moscow passed by the Skhodnya station, his eldest son was waiting for him, who was eight years old, and his mother threw him a bundle of food or a woodpile. At the same time, Leningrad and Moscow railway workers were preparing the Red arrow Express for the first flight after the blockade. The first after the blockade "Red arrow" went on March 20, 1944, and it worked as a guide Dubrovina Alexandra Ivanovna. On the way, the train could still be attacked by German planes, so the line of cars was closed by an armored platform with anti-aircraft machine guns. On the Red arrow Express, he worked as a conductor until August 1945. After being dismissed, I bought a hut in the forest not far from the Skhodnya station and a plot of land where potatoes and cabbage grew, there was a supply of firewood, for 10,000 rubles. And I started to equip a new place of residence, the hut was certainly a wreck, but it was possible to live in it in the winter and it was already my own home. In October, my husband Fyodor Dubrovin returned from the front, a knight of three orders of Glory, the order of the Patriotic war, second class, and the medal for bravery. In 1946, the fourth son Vladimir was born. She worked in the metro station" Kirovsky radius " as a worker. In 1954, the fifth son Alexander was born. In 1955, she was awarded THE "motherhood MEDAL" of the 2nd degree. She worked at the Moscow furniture and Assembly plant No. 1. In 1977. A labor veteran and veteran of the great Patriotic war, retired due to old age retirement. In a place with her husband, Fyodor Ilyich Dubrovin, she raised five sons, gave them an education and taught them to work for the benefit of the Motherland: Vasily Dubrovin – for his work and scientific developments in the defense of the region, awarded the order of the Badge of honor. Viktor F. Dubrovin - became a universal welder of the highest qualification, he was entrusted with welding in critical areas. Evgeny F. Dubrovin-holder of two orders of "Labor glory", winner of the"prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR". Vladimir F. Dubrovin-awarded the "academician V. P. Glushko" medal by the Russian Federation of cosmonautics. Alexander F. Dubrovin-a veteran of the FSB, took part in the testing of super-accurate weapons, has a state license to

Dendymarchenko (Shcherbina) Nadezhda Lukinichna_x000D_ _x000D_ Dendymarchenko (Shcherbina) Nadezhda Lukinichna was born in 1929. Member of the labor front during the great Patriotic War of 1941-45. the City of Gorlovka, Donetsk region was occupied by Nazi troops on November 2, 1941. During the occupation by German troops, the Gorlovka mines were flooded by retreating Soviet troops, and the equipment of the Kirov machine-building plant was evacuated to the Urals. On the territory of Gorlovka were located Romanian, Hungarian, Italian and German units. The war was a serious test of women's strength. Ahead were almost two years of occupation, bullying, executions and deportations to Germany, and hopes for an early release from Nazi captivity. The city was liberated on September 4, 1943 by the troops of the southern front during the Donbass operation. It is from this period that Nadezhda Lukinichna's career begins, at the age of 14. People of the older generation were destined to start their work early, survive the war years, give their Country a lot of strength and health, raising the country's economy during the Soviet period. It is the fragile female shoulders and arms that are most directly related to this time. There are many pitfalls in this story. You can nod at international laws (women in underground work-it's impossible!), and the Soviet habit of sticking something out and instantly forget when everything goes as if on a rolling track. In practice, we are dealing with the oblivion of our past. The history of the land of waste without recreating the memory of the selfless and heroic feat of miners in the 40s and 50s of the last century will be incomplete and not true. But the monument to those girls from many regions of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, who worked for 10-12 hours, did not eat, did not get enough sleep, and even raised children and looked after the elderly, the authorities — both under the omnipotence of the Communist system, and during the years of independence of Ukraine — were not vouchsafed to install. But they, these fragile girls, pumped out water, passed manually(!) hundreds of meters of excavation, put out the lava, he worked in the underground mine transport. And they brought their families 1 kg 200 g of bread a day, which saved their relatives and friends from starvation. For reference, workers and employees "on the surface" received only 400-500 grams of bread. Women wielded very ancient equipment: pillows, reclining, on their sides. Try to wave this weighty Balda. Butchery laid rock gob. They shoveled, again lying down, one norm, and this is six tons! The breed should lie tight, so that the matchbox does not fit. How did these fragile girls fulfill two, three, or even ten male norms? And there were no new mechanized complexes in the lava, they will appear much later… From 1943 to 1947, up to 80% of women worked in underground work in the mines of Donbass (this data is the fruit of the hard work of Vladimir Seleznev, a journalist of the Rabochaya Gazeta, who shoveled through the files of the Socialist Donbass newspaper of that time). Women were finally removed from underground work in 1966. According to careful calculations by Vladimir Seleznev and ex-Minister of the Ministry of coal industry of Ukraine Nikolay Surgay, from 200 to 250 thousand women worked in underground works in the war and post-war years, respectively. The feat of women and girls, because at that time many were 14 years old, began to be forgotten (they did not talk about it much, except in the first, still war years), only small notes were occasionally published in the local press. Our heartfelt gratitude and deep respect to all veterans of the great Patriotic war and participants of the labor front!

Dubograi Alexander Prokopievna_x000D_ Rank: Red army Branch of military: Land forces, air force (except naval aviation), coast guard, NKVD troops, border guards. On October 14, 1924, Alexandra Kalacheva was born into a large working-class family in Moscow. In 1939, his father died, and soon after a long illness, his mother died. At the age of fifteen, she was left an orphan, lived in her apartment on Kaluzhskaya Zastava, studied in the eighth grade and, as best she could, helped her younger brother and sisters, who were assigned to different orphanages. After finishing school "well", my great-grandmother entered a financial College, studied for six months. Unfortunately, she did not have time to finish it, the Great Patriotic war began. The enemy bombed Moscow day and night. When only firebrands remained from their house, the Komsomol member Kalacheva went to work at the mine on the Komsomol ticket, and on December 4, 1942, at her insistent request, she was taken to the front as a cook. It fell into the 239 red banner division, which included an anti-tank battery of 45 mm guns, on the I Baltic front. It was very difficult, the young chef had to deliver food day and night to the front line. In the combat characteristics, which is stored in the personal archive of Alexandra Prokopyevna, it is said: "during her stay in the regiment ... comrade Kalacheva proved to be a disciplined fighter. She carried out all the commander's orders honestly. Working as a cook, she promptly prepared and delivered food to the soldiers under mortar and machine-gun fire of the enemy. She was wounded, but feeling responsible, she made a dressing and delivered food to the soldiers...". Alexandra Kalacheva was awarded the medals "for military merit", "for the defense of Leningrad", "for the victory over Germany", as well as The "order of the Patriotic war" and has many commemorative medals.There at the front, she met her love, the foreman of a battery of Grigory Evseevich Dubogray. They went with him until the end of the war. Alexandra prokopyevna met the great Victory in Germany, in Lower Silesia. After demobilization she went after Grigory Evseevich in Siberia, in the village of Pavlograd district Novokubanka. Alexandra Prokopyevna died on October 25, 2015.

Doschinskaya Olga Petrovna_x000D_ _x000D_ The subject of my essay was not chosen by chance. Since childhood, I have heard many unique stories from my great-grandmother about distant and near relatives during the great Patriotic war. The family archive has preserved many documents and diary entries, orders and medals of my relatives. Last year, unfortunately, I lost my great-grandmother Olga Petrovna Doschinskaya, who was a witness of those times. I set a goal – to collect everything together, to systematize the material, to show the contribution of my ancestors to the defeat of fascism. Before me, my mother Nadezhda Chernyshova did this. I decided to continue my research on the genealogy of the Doschinsky, Serpukhov, and Chernyshov families. When writing the work, I visited the Krasnodar military enlistment office, where I was given the characteristics and certificates of veterans of the great Patriotic war Nadezhda Petrovna and Sergey Pavlovich Serpukhov. I had to work with the diary entries of my great-great-grandmother Nadezhda Petrovna Serpukhova. Three years ago, when I visited my great-grandmother Olga Petrovna Doschinskaya in Krasnodar when she was still alive, I recorded her memories of the life of relatives during the great Patriotic war. The work was quite long and painstaking. However, I believe that I did everything possible to restore the overall picture. I think that my research will help my descendants to re-comprehend the tragedy of the events of the 1940s, to study. There are fewer and fewer participants in the great Patriotic war-direct and direct creators of Victory, who bore on their shoulders the incredibly heavy burden of that harsh time: wounds and age take their toll. However, over time, people's interest in events more than seventy years ago does not weaken, but, on the contrary, increases. The military past appears as a time of great endurance and unparalleled heroism. The great cannot be forgotten. Time will never erase the great Patriotic war from the memory of generations. The years 1941-1945 were included in the biography of the Soviet people as heroic years, full of events of world-historical significance. They were a severe test of people's viability. For four years, gigantic battles continued on the Soviet-German front – the main front of the battle against fascism. It was here that the destinies and independence of the peoples of the earth and the future of all mankind were at stake. The Victory in the great Patriotic war was won at the cost of 20 million lives of Soviet people and the incredible effort of the physical and spiritual forces of the people of our country. The terrible and heroic years of the great Patriotic war are moving further into the past. But the memory of those who blocked the path of fascism and, having crushed its chosen hordes, defended their Fatherland and saved world civilization, will live forever in our grateful hearts of all progressive humanity. * * * My great-great-grandmother, Olga Petrovna Doschinskaya, born in 1926, lived in the city of Krasnodar. In 2019, at the age of 93, she died of natural causes. "When the war started," says great – great-grandmother Olya, " I was 15, my sister Nadia was 18, and Feodora was 19. Everyone submitted a voluntary application to the military enlistment office with a request to be sent to the front, but they did not take me and Nadia, because we were very small and thin. We lived in an orphanage that was destroyed, and my sister Nadia and I scattered to the huts of the population. I, Nadia and Fenya got to Baba Ganna, she still had four children, and her husband went to the front. The Germans entered, drove everyone out of their huts and houses, and began to select young girls and women to be taken to Germany to work. So, my older sister Feodora was sent to a concentration camp in the first weeks of the war and was a prisoner of war until 1945. In 1945, it was liberated by the Soviet Army. Nadya and I lived with Baba Ganna, who was often visited by partisans. All the children were sitting on a huge Russian stove, hiding from the Germans, and eating very sparsely, since all the pigs and chickens were taken by the Germans. One day an old teacher came and suggested that one of the children run to the forest to join the partisans in the Batki detachment. Nadezhda was the oldest and weakest, but she volunteered to go to the forest. It was winter, Nadia went to the forest and was able to find the signs of the squad, completed the task. I came home with a young partisan Sergey Serpukhov. All my youth, my sister and Sergey were scouts in a partisan detachment. Before the arrival of the Soviet Army in the village of Bronniki, where I lived, I occasionally helped my sister, but mostly on the farm Baba Ganna. We baked bread for the partisans and provided them with vegetables and fruits. And when our Soviet Army came, I went to work as a hospital nurse. With medical units I reached Berlin, I have orders and medals, many of them I took out from the battlefield, one of them, Ivan, I married. Now I live in the city of Krasnodar, still alive, but very ill, had seven operations. My sisters and their husbands are already dead. The military enlistment office gave them free marble monuments. How hard it was to live, scary and difficult! There are a lot of sick and injured people, there are not enough bandages, and there are almost no medicines. We operated in field tents under lamps, starved. The wounded were given at least some soup, and themselves – what remains. I still get goosebumps when I remember the terrible lacerations, inhuman torments and moans. Beautiful young men were dying; they didn't have time to bury them, and you would lock your teeth and bind up a handsome man who no longer had arms or legs, and his face was paralyzed. When I remember-everything is before my eyes, as it was yesterday. I still can't move away from this horror. Listen to this, great-grandchild. It's a shame that now, instead of a real story, young people are interested in detectives, mocking the Holy places. And we lived like this. As I said, the Soviet Army liberated our village of Broniki. I went to the hospital to help the sick. I was entrusted first to wash the floors, wash the bandages. Then I got used to it – reluctantly, I could hide my pain from the wounded, I stopped fainting at the sight of lacerations, huge pools of blood, and I was entrusted to do bandages, duty. Here I am on duty, I hear the moans of patients, and one-a very quiet and rare moan. I went to the patient-a young Lieutenant is lying, wincing from pain and does not look me in the eye, all burning – high temperature. I ran to find the doctor, to do this, we need to go around all the tents. Our doctor Nikitina Allochka could do everything, because she was an assistant to the famous doctor who was killed, Pavel Ivanovich Kolesnikov. He performed operations in a field tent, bullets whizzing around, and Pavel Ivanovich won't even blink an eye. Just look at us, and the horror takes, was not afraid of anything and kept discipline in strictness. A few days ago, a bomb fell directly into the tent with the red cross. Everyone died. Allochka and the other nurses and I were in other tents. With great difficulty, the remains of our dear Pavel Ivanovich's body were pieced together and buried with honor. All the wounded and seriously ill people were crying their eyes out. He saved all their lives, and he died as a hero. After that, our now-surgeon, Alla, began to perform operations. She was 30 years old, and we were 13-16 years old. We stayed there for about a month. Then they sent Nikolai Mefodyevich bulb to the place of the doctor. This doctor was almost like Pavel Ivanovich in everything-gray-haired, strict, did not spare himself, was always near patients, performed operations. So, I found Allochka, we quickly brought down the Lieutenant's temperature, made bandages and calmed down as best we could. Meanwhile, the fighting continued, the German retreated, and we followed our troops closely. I had to pull a lot of fighters out of the battlefield: I drag them like a bag, the man almost does not move, but says: "Leave me, little sister! You won't make it!" And I'm 1 meter 52 centimeters tall, small, skinny, I drag and cry, sit down, cry a lot, and again I drag on myself and drag. And there, near the hospital, they will notice me and help me, give me back and go back to the field for the wounded. So, I dragged a huge red-haired guy, gave it to him, and ran away. And the next day I sweep the floor, I hear a moan and a call: "Sister!", I quickly ran, I look-lies all in blood, the head is wounded, all bandages are stained with blood, and smiling says: "You are my fairy Savior!" So, it remained in my memory. Many people considered me their Savior, thanked me, offered my hand and heart, but this red-haired Ivan got into my heart. Already near Berlin, a red-haired soldier is being brought in, almost a corpse, and I immediately recognized him as the red-haired Ivan. Fate has brought us together again. Barely left him, and he went back to the front. We have already equipped a hospital and were not located in tents, but all in schools and in homes. But there was still a shortage of bandages, medicines, and food. Operations were performed live: in the teeth of a sick piece of wood, so as not to break the teeth from the pain. Tears choked, but it was forbidden to cry. We smiled and sang songs in the evenings. I was already an experienced, real nurse. I remember that on New year's eve they built a Christmas tree from an ordinary tree, decorated it with cotton wool, syringes, and patients made various toys from medical supplies. We even organized an evening of Amateur performances, which was attended by doctors, nurses, nurses, and patients. It was a lot of fun. As a gift to the sick, we sang songs and danced to the sound of spoons. The patients ' eyes shone and smiles appeared on their haggard faces. It was beautiful. But the fighting continued, explosions and gunfire were heard, and the German retreated reluctantly. Nurses and nurses washed bandages, rolled them up, and also washed the bed and clothes. Everyone got it, but we were healthy, young and very much believed in a happy future, in the victory of the Soviet people over fascism. And this faith helped us survive the war. As I remember now, there is a battle going on, the ground is "torn apart" from the explosions of bombs and shells. We, young girls who are not engaged in operations, crawled and climbed on this moaning, blood-soaked, with the roots of trees and bushes turned out, and searched, picked up, dragged on ourselves the crippled, already insensible fighters. A soldier lies with his eyes closed and moans, I tell him: "Kasatik, let's go! Get up, help me carry you!", and he can't hear or see anything from the concussion, his leg is broken. What to do? No time to think, I dragged him closer to the hospital. We fall, get up again, and he tries to help me with one of his legs and cries, saying: "I'm almost a corpse, leave me, maybe you can save someone else..." I cry and drag, there are a hundred meters left, now they have already seen me, helped me. And again, I'm on the front line, on the battlefield, for the next patient. And so, every day. A beautiful young soldier is lying there, holding his torn stomach with his hands, all the intestines are lying outside, but he is still alive. Reluctantly, I shoved the spilled entrails in, then carefully tied up his shirt so that I could pull him out alive. I hear the whoosh of bullets, I Crouch down, I already knew which bullet was flying past, and which was mine. But fate saved me from death. During the three years of the war, I was wounded seven times by shrapnel from a bullet or grenade. I had a lot of operations, as I earned by carrying the wounded, herniated spine and abdominal cavity. Already in Berlin, a fragment hit the spine. I thought I wouldn't go. The fragment was successfully removed, and I started walking again and helping my sisters. I look, my red-haired Ivan is lying-again all in bandages. We immediately recognized each other, met as family, and decided not to part again until the day we died. So, I got married. We lived in love and harmony for ten years. Then he died of his wounds, which never stopped whining. And I was left alone with my sores and memories.

Dyuzheeva Maria Ivanovna_x000D_ _x000D_ Maria Ivanovna Dyuzheeva (Matveyeva by marriage) was born in the city of Nikolsk, Penza region, in the family of a master guteyschik (glazier). She graduated from 10 classes of school No. 1 in Nikolsk and in 1942 was called up to the Northern sea fleet. She served in the city of Severomorsk as a signalman, and had the rank of senior red Navy officer. She was awarded the medal "for military merit". From premium sheet mi with Guzeevoy: "...accurate work in combat conditions provided reliability and flexibility of combat communications. During the relocation of the division in difficult conditions, along with the red Navy men, she performed all the tasks of the command flawlessly. During the great Patriotic war, she participated in repelling 18 flights of enemy aircraft...". she was Awarded commemorative medals in honor of the victory in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. In 1946, she was demobilized, and in 1949 went to restore the city of Leningrad. There she met her future husband, Matveev Yuri Dmitrievich. The family moved to the city of Tuapse, Krasnodar territory. Graduated from the Moscow construction and technical College. All her working life she worked in the city of Tuapse in SMU-11 as a labor engineer. She raised two children: her son Nikolai graduated from the Makarov Higher engineering school after school; her daughter Alla followed in her mother's footsteps as a Builder of roads and residential buildings. Children have created successful and self-sufficient families, grandchildren have grown up, and great-grandchildren are growing up. Maria Ivanovna died on July 23, 1992 in the family circle and is buried in the cemetery of the city of Tuapse. The memory of her will always live in the hearts of relatives and friends, passed on to future generations of the family.

Erdyneeva Maria Togmitovna Rank: Corporal. Branch of military: army, air force (except marine aviation), the coast guard, the troops of the NKVD border troops. Maria was born in the village of Tonitown Ukyr-Chelon of the Dzhidinsky district. When the Great Patriotic War began, she was barely 19 years old. When a call went through the country to mobilize young girls to become nurses, radio operators and drivers, she immediately responded to this call and decided to go to the front. However, I didn't dare tell my mother about my decision. She said that she was going to the remzavod in our Republic. In Irkutsk, Maria Tomilova got into school, dressed in military uniform. But the cadets who were not fully trained were transferred to Oka. Here I had to finish my studies and get a driver's license. Of the 300 girls allowed to pass the exams, 56 people received their rights at that time, including Maria. After that, they were sent to the city by Baranovichi. Here she and 8 other girls were assigned to the airfield service battalion (BAO) of the 254th guards’ unit. Their duties included servicing aircraft for refueling with fuel and ammunition. They usually worked at night, carried their dangerous cargo, bombs, in cars of the American brand "fordzon", stopped in the morning and went to rest. They lived in dugouts there, at the airfield. From memories of Maria Togmitovna’s grandmother: "I remember very much when the war ended and the news of the Victory came. My partner Kate Lusanina was on duty in the kitchen making lunch, and we rested. The commander of the political unit, comrade, arrived. Timoshenko, we were alerted, we quickly formed up and we were announced the surrender of Germany. What started here! Everyone started hugging, crying with happiness that they lived to Win. Then the accordion appeared, and everyone began to sing and dance that they forgot about the upcoming dinner. I will never forget these joyful moments." War Maria Tomilova graduated from the rank of corporal. She was awarded the order of the Patriotic war and many commemorative medals, medals "for the victory over Germany", "Veteran of Labor". Our grandmother Maria Tomilova – our memory, our pride! Our family treasure! Love! Remember! Proud!

Relina Nina Valerianovna_x000D_ _x000D_ Relina Nina valerianovna was born on April 18, 1922 in the city of Rezh, Sverdlovsk region, in a obvious working-class family, was the middle of four children. In 1939, she graduated from high school and entered the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute without exams. In 1941, from the third year, she voluntarily left to defend her Homeland. Short courses for radio operators. And in December 1941, she was already working at a radio station in Moscow. Radio operator of the first class of the 87th separate air defense communications regiment, assistant platoon commander, went through the roads of war to the Baltic States. Met the Victory at Vilnius, in 1945. Has awards: order of the Patriotic War 2 degrees, medals "For Military Merit", "For Defense of Moscow", "For Victory over Germany", "60 years of the battle for Moscow", "In memory of the 850 anniversary of Moscow", "60 years of Victory in the battle of Stalingrad", "For Valiant labor". Since 1945, N. V. Relina has been a professional journalist. Worked in Newspapers: Sverdlovsk, Rezh, Tuva. In 1959. she participated in the first all-Union Congress of journalists in Moscow. Since 1963 in the far East. She worked in the following Newspapers: "Kommunar" (Ussuriysk), "Red banner" (Vladivostok). In 1968, she moved with her family to Blagoveshchensk, briefly worked for the newspaper "Amurskaya Pravda", then moved to the regional Executive Committee, where she worked until retirement: first as an instructor of the organizational Department, and then as an assistant to the Deputy Chairman of the regional Executive Committee. In retirement, she worked in the Blagoveshchensk regional newspaper "Znamya Oktyabrya", as an assistant to the people's Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Elvira Ivanovna Terekhova. She sang in choral groups in Blagoveshchensk and performed for young people. Became a member of the Council of veterans, which was under the city Committee of the Komsomol. For two years, she was the Chairman of the Council of veterans at the regional Komsomol Committee. Since 1987-Deputy Chairman of the regional Council of war and labor veterans. Working with veterans and young people was part of her life. In 2009, N. V. Relina became a disabled person of the first group, without a leg, in a wheelchair. Poetry I have loved since childhood and began writing in high school, continued in war and in civilian life. She is the author of collections of poems: "Declaration of love", "Overcoming" "Twelve months". Published in the almanacs "Priamurye", collections "Over the Amur and Zey", "My city". Relina N. V. - winner of the Lermontov competition of military-Patriotic poetry "I Love my Fatherland". In the creative competition of the magazine "War Veteran" (Moscow) in honor of the 55th anniversary of the Victory, received the third prize. Her poems and essays were included in the Amur book of Memory, the books "Amur heroes" and "soldiers of Victory". Five collections of songs based on the music of Amur and Ural composers and her poems were published. In connection with her creative work, public presentations of her books were held. In 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2015, 2017 – there were also creative evenings where songs were performed to poems by Relina N. V. the Author read her own poems. Creative evenings were held in Moscow (2001), Vologda (2001), Svobodny (2005). Relina N. V. was awarded Silver and Gold medals of the peace Foundation, honorary badges of veterans ' organizations of the USSR and Russia - more than 60 awards in total, including the highest award of the Communist party – the order of "Party Valor". For services to the Motherland, she was included in the encyclopedia "The Best people of Russia" (Moscow, 2005), in the book "Blagoveshchenskaya city Duma from century to century". Member of the Union of journalists of the USSR since 1958. Member of the Union of writers of Russia (2009). Nina Valerianovna Relina- was a Honorary citizen of the city of Blagoveshchensk, author of the text of the Hymn of Blagoveshchensk's.

Rymarova Zoya Semenovna_x000D_ _x000D_ Zoya Semenovna Rimeova,( nee Dmitrieva) was born on June 17, 1929 in Krasnogorodsky district, Maizelovo village, Pskov region, Russian. When the war began, she was at school, she was 12 years old. In 1943, when she was 14 years old, she was already part of the intelligence Agency at the place of residence, went to the location of German garrisons, where she changed eggs, butter from German soldiers, for soap and matches. Its purpose was, if possible, to determine the number and armament of the German garrison, etc. The information obtained was transmitted to the agent scout, who directly reported it to the brigade. So, she helped the partisans. In August 1943, she went to the 10th Kalinin partisan brigade, because it began to attract attention from the police. The intelligence commander was her father, Semen Dmitriev. In the brigade, my grandmother went to investigate, but not alone, but in a group of 2-3 people. They accompanied her through forests, swamps, to a certain destination, where they remained to wait for her return. As a girl, it was easier for her to approach the necessary objects, since no one paid special attention to the child. So, she learned the approaches to railway stations, bridges, their security, etc. Sometimes I went to certain people, scouts, in order to get information from them that they had. In order not to arouse suspicion, she pretended to go to the dressmaker or to the shoemaker, while carrying a larger dress or old boots. In difficult situations, sometimes I had to leave under a hail of bullets. She was in the partisan brigade for 10 months. Then, due to the approach of the front line and the expectation of fierce fighting, by order of the headquarters of the partisan movement, all minors from the partisans were sent to the Soviet rear. So, they, children and teenagers, were transported by plane to the rear, in the city of Kalinin. _x000D_ Awarded: Order of the Patriotic War II art. № 3622872; medal to the Partisan of the Patriotic War; medal for the Victory over Germany; badge "Front-Line soldier 1941-1945", and many more commemorative medals.

Ryabokon (Khrabrova) Olga Ivanovna_x000D_ _x000D_ A simple girl Olga in 1939 graduated from the Pskov paramedic midwifery school and in 1940 already worked in a hospital. In the early morning of June 22, 1941, the war disturbed the peaceful sleep of the Motherland for many years. A deadly, soulless, treacherous war forever changed the fate of millions of people and its fate. On June 23, 1941, Olga Khrabrova, with the rank of "foreman", was called up to the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' red Army, where she became a nurse at the field mobile hospital No. 4315 of the NKO. Military-sanitary trains, making their way from the "boilers", the hottest places on the front line, took out a huge number of wounded soldiers. With other such young nurses, my grandmother helped to receive wounded red army soldiers at the stations. For days, along with doctors, nurses stood at operating tables. Often ambulance trains were shelled and bombed. My grandmother recalled how after a heavy sleepless night, she rested... she sat with her back pressed against the pillow. Suddenly, German planes flew in and the shelling started. My grandmother had barely time to get up from her seat when the pillow shattered into feathers and a bullet hit her. My grandmother was only seconds away from death. Everything was mixed up in dust and smoke. When the smoke cleared a little, nurses ran to the screams and moans, looking for survivors and trying to save the wounded. In 1945, she was demobilized, but on the instructions of the hospital command, she was sent by a senior nurse to a Sanatorium of the Highest Command staff in Landeck (Baden-württemberg, Germany). In that sanatorium in Landeck, my grandmother, Olga Ivanovna Khrabrova, and my grandfather, a pilot, Junior Lieutenant Alexey Ryabokon, who was recovering from injuries sustained as a result of a hard landing of a downed plane, met and fell in love with each other. In 1947, they got married and went to their grandfather's new place of service in Tbilisi. Where, in 1948, a happy young couple had a daughter, Agnes, my mother. After his grandfather was dismissed to the reserve, they moved to the city of Baku, where since 1949 he has been serving in the MGB in the 17th police Department of Ordzhonikidze district, as the head of the passport office. It wasn't possible to live a long, happy life and die in one day... In 1955, Alexey Ryabokon died of an illness caused by a war injury. From 1952 to 1979, my grandmother worked at The Bina airport in Baku in the regulatory Bureau. She was highly respected by her colleagues as the best employee and veteran of the Great Patriotic War. After the death of my grandfather, my grandmother lived a long 34 years, preserving love and loyalty to only one person, her Alyosha. She did not like to talk about what happened during the war years, and did not consider what she did in the war a feat. And she showed her medals only when she was strongly asked to do so. She said that she holds the awards in her hands and asks for forgiveness from those whom she did not save.

Irina Viktorovna Kovaleva, Junior Sergeant.

Tatiana Mikhailovna Melnikova, Junior Sergeant. She was born in 1921 in the village of Ruka, Belevsky district, Tula region. She has been at the frontline since March 1943. Her awards: The Red Star Order, medals: "Of Honor", "For the Liberation of

Evdokia Grigorievna Marinina (Komkova), Red Army Soldier. She was born in 1922 in the village of Berezovo, Belevsky District, Tula Region. She was drafted by the Belevsky District military commissariat in 1942. She was awarded with the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd grade and medals: "Of Honor ", "For Military Merit".

Vasilisa Ilyinichna Ishutina, Junior Lieutenant. She was born in 1922 in the town of Belev, Tula region. She has been at the frontline since October 1942. She was awarded with medals: "For military merit", "For the liberation of Warsaw", "For the capture of Berlin."

A.N. Shapkarina Austria. October 22, 1945